Peds test # 2 - Muscles

effects of immobilization on skeletal system (3)

decreased metabolic rate, negative nitrogen balance, hypercalcemia, decreased stress hormones

S/S of hypercalcemia

Effects of immobility on cardiovascular system (5)

5 effects of immobility on respiratory system

4 effects of immobility on GI system

Effects of immobility on integumentary system (2)

effects of immobility on urinary system (4)

most frequently broken bone in child

the weakest point of long bones is the what?

Triad of injuries assoiciated with motor vehicle injuries

when fractured bone protruded through the skin

bone fragments have damaged other organs/tissues

small fragments of bone are broken from the fractured shaft and lie around surrounding tissue

compressed side of bone bends, but tension side of bone breaks, causing incomplete fracture

The 5 ps for assessment of fractures

What is the typical bone healing for the following?

Neonatal period, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence

forward force produced by attaching weight to distal bone fragment

backward force provided by body weight

provided by patient's contact with bed

applied to body part by the hand placed distally to fracture

pulling mechanisms are attached to the skin with adhesive material/elastic bandage

applied directly to skeletal structure by pin, wire, or tons inserted into or through the diameter of the bone distal to the fracture

inserted through burr holes in skull with weights attached to hyperextended neck

process of separating opposing bone to encourage regeneration of new bone in created space; can be used when limbs are unequal in length and new bone is needed to elongate shorter limb

Permits limb lengthening by manual distraction; allows earlier mobilization and hospital discharge

causes include tight dressing for casts, hemorrhage, trauma, burns, surgery

ischemic muscular atrophy

when fat droplets from the marrow are transferred to general circulation and transported to lungs/brain

occurs when force of stress on ligament is sufficient to displace normal position of opposing bone ends or bone ends to its socket

trauma to a joint from ligament partially or completely torn/stretched by force

microscopic tear to musculotendinous unit; swollen, painful to touch

S/S include sharp, persistent, progressive pain or deep dull ache over bone

caused by sodium depletion; usually leg cramps; treat with rest/replace fluids

collapse due to excessive fluid loss; may be disoriented

failure of normal thermoregulation mechanisms; rapid onset of headache, weakness, temp greater thatn 104

female athlete triad

positive olrtolani test; shortening of limb on affected side; assymmetric thigh/gluteal folds; broadening of perineum

DDH in older infant and child (4)

types of congenital clubfoot:
inversion; eversion; plantar flexio with toes loer than heel; dorsiflexion with toes higher than heel

most common congenital foot deformity; often results from abnormal position in uterus; "pigeon-toed gait"

"wry neck"; congenital/acquired ilmited neck motion with neck flexed to affected side; initally firm nontender mass that turns into fibrous tissue

Self-limited, idopathic, 3 to 12 years of age, avascualr necrosis for femoral head

hip soreness, stiffness or ache, pain in hip, groin, or knee; usually associated with joint dysfunction and limited ROM

most common spinal deformity; may be congenital or develop during childhood

log roll to prevent spinal motion; molded plastic jacket to provide external stabilization (scoliosis)

use of wires and rods to straighten spine for scoliosis

wheen a preexisting infectino spreads to bone

characterized by excessive fragility and bone defects, blue sclera, hearing loss, and discolored teeth

peaks at ages 1 to 3 and ages 8 to 10

Stiffness, swelling, loss of mobility in affected joins, warm to touch, tender to touch, symptoms increase with stressors, growth retardation are S/S of what

inflammation of iris/ciliary body; unique to JRA

first line of treatment for JRA; immediate analgesia but delayed antiinflammatory effect

slower acting antireheumatic drugs; side effects include liver disease, bone marrow suppression, GI disturbances, teratogenisis

characterized by early onset and impaired movement/posture with abnormal muscle tone/lack of coordination

type of CP that includes hpertonicity, lack of fine/gross motor skills

type of CP that includes abnormal involuntary movements

type of CP that includes wide-based gaiin, uncoordinated movement of upper body

type of CP that includes combination of spasticity and athetosis

poor head control after 3 months of age; stiff/rigid limbs; arching back, pushing away; floppy tone; unable to sit w/o support @ 8 months; clenched fists after 3 months

excessive irritability, no smiling @ 3 months, feeding difficulties

skeletal muscle relaxants for CP; decreases spasticity

most severe/common muscular dystrophy in childhood; X linked; males

waddling gait, frequent falls, gower sign, lordosis, enlarge muscles, profound muscular atrophy, mental deficiency