-
Follicular cyst
Etiology: assc. w/ hyperestrinism & endometrial hyperplasia; most common cause of ovarian enlagement; mentstrual years
Pathology: bilateral; unruptured Graafian follicle; lined by granulosa cells
Symptoms: vague pelvic pain not assc with menstruation or asympotomatic
Treatment: 2-months of oral contraceptives
-
Corpus luteum cyst
Etiology: during menstral years
Pathology: unilateral, cyst contains clear fluid, yellowish luteal cells w/ lipid droplets
Symptoms: delayed menstruation
Treatment: cyst removal or oophorectomy
-
Theca-lutein cyst
Etiology: assc. w/ choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform moles, synthetic gonadotropin therapy
Pathology: multiple and bilateral cysts lined with luteinized theca cells
Symptoms: amenorrhea, lab findings show elevated hCG due to trophoblastic proliferation
Treatment: cyst removal or oophorectomy
-
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Etiology: Chlamydia trachomatis (subacute), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (acute)
Pathology: Edematous tubal serosa (puss/water builsup in fallopian tubes)
Symptoms: fever, abdominal pain, cervical motion tenderness (chandelier sign)
Treatment: antibiotics
-
Dysplasia, Carcinoma in Situ, & Invasive Cervical Carcinoma
Etiology: assc. w/ HPV, early first intercourse, multiple partners
Pathology: cervical dysplasia --> CIS --> ICC: squamous cell carcinoma w/ keratinization, koilocytosis possible
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding, postcoital spotting
Treatment: hysterectomy, radiation, prevention w/ HPV vaccine
-
Endometrial Carcinoma
Etiology: ~60 yrs old, risks incl. estrogen use, obesity, late menopause
Pathology: proceded by endometrial hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma
Symptoms: postmenopausal vaginal bleeding (pus and abdominal pain possible)
-
Endometriosis
Etiology: unknown, affects 10% of women ages 20-30
Pathology: endometrial tissue outside of uterus, chocolate cysts
Symptoms: fixed, palpable ovarian masses, dysmenorrhea (pain during menses), dyspareunia (pain during intercouse)
Treatment: oral contraceptives, surgical removal may be necessary
-
Endometritis
- Etiology (acute): trauma, staph, stept; usually occurs after delivery or miscarriage
- Etiology (chronic): granulomatous diseases, PID
Pathology: plasma cells with macrophages and lymphocytes
- Acute symptoms: imflammation after delivery
- Chronic symptoms: abnormal vaginal bleeding
Treatment: antibiotics
-
Ovarian Tumors of Germ Cell Origin
Etiology: family history, nulliparity, most common in children and young adults
Symptoms: abdominal discomfort
Treatment: surgical removal
-
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Stein-Leventhal Syndrome)
Symtoms: amenorrhea, obesity, hirsutism, insulin resistance, Lab Findings show incread LH and increased testosterone
Treatment: weight loss, metformin for insulin resistance, gonadotropin analogs, clomiphene for ovulaton induction
-
Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast
Etiology: hormonal imbalances, 25-50 years old
Symptoms: diffuse breast pain, multiple palpable lesions, no changes in skin or nipple
Treatment: symptom management
|
|
