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What cells does the innate immune system consist of?
- Dendritic cells
- Macrophages
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Mast cells
- Natural killer cells
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What is the non cellular component of the innate immune system?
Complement
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How are the cells of the innate immune system produced?
Directly encoded in DNA
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What is the function of basophils and mast cells?
Release chemicals that mediate inflammation and allergic responses
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What is the function of neutrophils?
Ingest and destroy invaders.
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What is the function of eosinophils?
Destroy invaders, particularly antibody coated parasites.
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What is the function of monocytes and macrophages?
Ingest and destroy invaders. Present antigens on their surfaces.
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What are the functions of natural killer cells?
kill by releasing small cytoplasmic granules that cause the target cell to die by apoptosis.
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What is the function of dendritic cells?
Antigen presenting cells. Act as an interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems by activating B and T cells.
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What are the innate leucocytes?
Natural killer cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils; and the phagocytic cells including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and function within the immune system by identifying and eliminating pathogens that might cause infection.
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What are the phagocytic cells of the immune system?
- Macrophages
- neutrophils
- dendritic cells.
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How does phagocytosis work?
- 1. Pathogen binds to phagocyte membrane receptor
- (bacteria with capsules must be coated with antibody to bind to phagocyte receptors
- The particle becomes surrounded by pseudopods.
- A vacuole is formed, containing the particle, and lysosomes digest the particle.
- Secretory molecules are released, trigger inflammation.
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Inflammation is:
- Tissues response to the presence of a pathogen.
- Consists of an innate and an adaptive response.
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Triggers of inflammation are:
- Macrophages: engulf invaders and display antigens.
- Chemotaxins: released by some bacteria and activate phagocytes.
- Complement: produces cytokines that trigger other mechanisms.
- Lymphocytes: fight infection or control other cells to do so.
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After inflammation is triggered:
- Phagocyes migrate to the site of infection.
- They exit the blood vessels by diapedesis.
- Begin digesting and destroying invaders
- Produce cytokines to activate the other cells of the immune system
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What are the effects of the second step of inflammation?
- Blood circulation to the area is increased.
- The blood vessels dilate.
- Innate and adaptive elements fight against infection until it is eradicated.
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What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?
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What is Complement?
- A series of plasma proteins which circulate as an inactive form.
- Conversion to the active form involves a proteolytic step.
- Forms the membrane attack complex.
- Bind to microbes, act as opsonins, trigger bacterial cell lysis.
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