Proportion of responses emiited on a particualr schedule matches the proportion of reinforcers obtained on that schedule
Concurrent Schedule of Reinforcement
consist of the simultaneous presentation of two or more independent schedules each leading to a rienforcer
Bias from Matching
When one alternative attracts a higher proportion of responses than would be predicted by matching, regardless of whether that alternative contains the richer or poorer schedule of reinforcement
Melioration Theory
A pigeons tendency to match (meliorate) has the effect of producing an overll level of reinforcement that is suboptimal
Self-Control
Consisit of choosing a larger later reward over a smaller sooner reward
Impulsivess
Consist of choosing a smaller sooner reward over a larger later reward
Delay of Gratification
o
Because the animal must forgo the smaller sooner
reward (subject delays gratification) to obtain the larger later reward
Commitment Response
an action carried out at an early point in time that serves either to eliminate or greatly reduce the value of an upcoming tempation
Small-but-cumulative effects models
Each individual choice on a self-control task has only a small but cumulative effect on our likelihood of obtaining the desired long-term outcome