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These people reject ideas of internal traits, tendencies, defenses and motivations. They consider individuals to be completely controlled by their environment.
Behaviorists
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Repeated pairing of an unconditioned stimulus that elicits and unconditioned response with a neutral stimulus.
Classical conditioning
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Conditioned responses can occur in response to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.
Generalization
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Learning to tell the difference between different stimuli, responding only to the conditioned stimulus and not the similar stimuli.
Discrimination
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A neutral stimuli associated with positive experiences becomes what?
Likes. Such as a student associated drinking at parties with having pleasant, sociable time with friends.
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Neutral stimuli associated with negative experience become what?
Dislikes, or worse, phobias. Such as when a college student is sexually assaulted at a party, he might develop fears regarding social events that involve alcohol.
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The process by which the frequency of the organism's producing a response gradually decreased when the response is no longer followed by enforcement.
Extinction
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How did Pavlov get neurotic behavior from his dogs?
Pairing their food presenation with a circle, and not an ellipse. And then, slowly, he made the shape look more and more like an ellipse.
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People develop this when they cannot make accurate judments in the environment, such as when children have alcoholic parents.
Neurosis
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Who rejected introspection and emphasized observable behavior, or behaviorism?
Watson
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Watson helped condition who to fear rats?
Little Albert
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Little Albert made a what, from rats to other furry objects.
Generalization
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Gradually extinguishing a phobia causing the feared stimulus to become dissociated from the fear response.
Systematic desensitization
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Two very common and effective types of anxiety treatment for phobia, PTSD, and other types of anxiety.
Systematic desensitization or exposure therapy.
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An event that strengthens a behavior and increases the likelihood of repeating the behavior in the future.
Reinforcement
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Who came up with a radical behaviorism and determinism?
Skinner
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All behavior is determined and not free will. All behavior is caused by environmental conditions.
Radical determism
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Changing of behavior by manipulating its consequences.
Operant conditioning
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Who believed that personality was simply a group of responses to the environment?
Skinner
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If the preceding response increases after the consequence occurs, it is a ______________
reinforcement
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If the preceding response decreases after the consequence occurs, it is a ________________
punishment
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Reinforcement by adding a stimulus
Positive
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Reinforcement by removing a stimulus
Negative reinforcement
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When reinforcement occurs each time...
Continual reinforcement
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When reinforcement occurs only part of the time...
Partial Reinforcement
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A commonly used treatment for depression.
Behavioral Activation Treatment
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