Unit 3

• dyspnea
• cough
• wheezing
• stridor

constriction of airway

coughing up blood

Residual volume

Tidal volume, 500mL

inspiratory reserve voume

expiratory reserve volume

residual volume, tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume all together

tidal volume, reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume (amount person can ventilate)

expiratory reserve and residual volume

tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume

state of ventilation in excess of that required to eliminate the CO2 produced by cellular metabolism. breathing very fast

anxiety, infections, drugs, acid/base imbalance, shock, PE

treat underlying cause, bring person to normal O2 levels

occurs when alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet the body's O2 demand or to eliminate sufficient CO2. As alveolar ventilation decreases the body retains CO2. Alveolar aren't getting enough O2. Actelasis happens b/c of fluid build-up

headache, dizziness, convulsions, disorientation, lethargy (big one)

inadequate O2 at the cellular level. Results from a deficiency in O2 delievery or O2 utilization at the cell level. If untreated it produces cardiac dysrhythmias

• decreased hemoglobin level and lowered O2 carrying capacity of the blood
• diminished concentration of inspired O2 which occurs at high alititude
• inability of the tissues to extract O2 from the blood (cyanind poisoning)
• decreased diffusion of O2 from the alveoli to the blood as in pneumonia
• poor tissue perfusion with oxygenated blood as with shock
• impaired ventilation (rib fractures)

apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, LOC, dizziness, unable to lie down, increased pulse and increased depth and rate of resp

give O2

involves deep inspiration and prolonged expiration through pursed lips to prevent alveolar collapse.

This procedure measures Forced Vital Capacity which requires a maximal inhalation and maximal, forced exhalation. FVC + Residual Volume (not measure here) is = Total Lung Volume. FEV 1.0 is the amount expired in one second. The ratio of FEV 1.0 to FVC is clinically relevant. A ratio of 80% or greater is considered normal. Less than 80% could indicate conditions such as asthma or COPD (emphysema).

method to measure the exact amt of air in the thorax. Have client sit in airtight box and breathe through a flow-measuring device. measures airway resistance of lungs

efficiency of gas exchange

alveolar ventilation

provides more sophisticated tomography than is possible with regular x-ray. identifies periperhal or mediastinal disorders. gives cross-sectional view of the chest to differentiate among pathologic conditions. Dx PE, pulmonary fibrosis

employs magnetic fields rather than radiation to create images of the body structures. More definitive than CT b/c it creates more detailed images of anatomic structures