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TPC
- 1:500,000
- Tactical Pilotage Chart
- Lambert Conformal
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Lambert Conformal
- Parallels: equally spaced concentric circles
- Meridians: straight lines converging at poles
- Scale: constant distance
- Great Circle: Plot as straight lines
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Course
intended flight path
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heading
angular distance of the aircraft's longitudinal axis from a reference
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Track
acual flight path over the ground
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Variation
angular difference between true north and magnetic north
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isogonic line
connects points of equal variation
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Mag Var Formulas
- MC=TC - East Var
- MC=TC + West Var
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Each time zone is centered on a meridian that is a multiple of ________ degrees.
15
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On lambert conformal one nautical mile equals __________ and can be measured along a __________ line.
one minute of arc , longitude
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All merdians of Lambert conformal charts are oriented toward (true/magnetic) north pole.
true
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_________ is a chart made from a cylindrical projection.
Mercator
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Primary and Secondary Compass Systems
Primary: Remote Gyro Vertical Compass Card
Secondary: Stand-by Compass (Wet Compass)
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Three types of Electronic Navigation
Signals from Ground Stations (TACAN, VORTAC etc)
Self Transmitted Signals (Radar, Doppler etc)
Inertial Navigation System
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Tacan radials are (true/magnetic)
magnetic
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For every ______ degrees celsius the temperature varies from standard, the altimeter will be in error ______%.
11 , 4
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Enroute winds from a forecaster are ______ winds while surface winds received from ATC and Approach/Departure Control are ________ winds.
true, magnetic
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Drift Angle
the angle between true heading and track
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10% Rule
if the crosswind component is 10% of true airspeed, the Crab Angle should be 6 degrees.
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Crab Angle
amount of correction an aircraft must be turned into the wind in order to maintain desired course
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The primary purpose of a jet log is _______.
fuel management
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How do you find CAS?
IAS corrected for instrument error
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How do you find GS?
TAS corrected for head or tail winds
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In order to find TAS, what information do you need?
PA, CAS, OAT
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What information do you need to find the Mach number?
CAS and PA
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What information do you need to calculate inflight winds?
TK, TAS, Winds
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What are the 4 steps in flight planning?
- 1. True course and direction
- 2. True heading and Ground speed
- 3. Estimate time en-route using GS
- 4. Use time to estimate fuel consumption.
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What is the main means of Navigation?
Dead Reckoning
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What are the 4 factors of Navigation?
Speed, Position, Direction, Time
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How many great circles are Latitude Lines, Which ones?
1, Equator
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What is the prime meridian?
The Great Circle that passes through Greenwich England
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What is the 180 meridian?
International Date Line
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What are the main instruments used in Navigation?
Clock, BDHI, and Airspeed Indicator
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What are the 2 secondary instruments used in navigation?
Altimeter, OAT Gauge
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What is the Remote Gyro Vertical Compass Card?
The BDHI. It is the primary means of direction.
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What are forms of Ground Based Radar?
VORTAC and TACAN
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What are forms of space based radar?
Satellite
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What are Longitude great circles referred to as?
Meridians
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What are the two types of charts used in Air Navigation?
- Operational Navigation Chart (ONC)
- Tactical Plan Chart (TPC)
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What is a Lambert Conformal Chart?
A conformal chart where the parallels are curved and the straight lines are the meridians
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What is used to measure True Course?
Meridians
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What is the plotter used for?
To measure direction
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What are Dividers used for?
To measure distance
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How many degrees are in 1 hour of rotation?
15
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How do you find IAS?
Read it off of the cockpit gauge
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