What Dz's are characterized by bright green feces? 5
Liver disease
Anorexia
Metal toxicosis
Chlamydiophyla
E. coli
What Dz is characterized by large bulky pale feces?
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
What is included in the observational exam of a bird? 5
Conformation
Dropping wing
Feather/body condition
Behaviors during history
Neurologic
Where do you auscultate the lung fields?
dorsal coelom
Where do you auscultate the heart, caudal and cranial airsacs?
ventral coelom
What is a band of featherless pigmented skin on the base of the beak?
cere/nares
What is a normal fecal gram stain in birds?
150 bacteria/field
70% G+ rod
30% G+ cocci
(more G- bacteria in carnivores)
What does borderline malnutrition in the fecal gram stain in birds look like?
few bacteria
> 90% G+ rod
<10% G+ cocci
occasional G- rod
Where do you inject the polyoma vaccination in birds?
SQ, ventral keel.
What injection route is used widely in avian medicine?
intramuscular route
What is the most common IM route in avian medicine and why?
Pectoral
Keel protects coelom
Why is the rear limb avoided in IM injection?
renal portal system
What are vessels used for IV route? 4
Medial Metatarsal
Basilic
Jugular
Caudal Occipital Sinus
How much drugs are appropriate in the distal ulna?
> 500g
How much drugs are appropriate in the proximal tibiotarsus?
<500 g
What topical medication should you NOT give to a bird?
atropine
Why should you not give birds topical steroids? 3
Immunocompromise
Hemorrhage/Hypopyon
Aqueous flare
What type of bandage should you use for tarsometatarsus and below?
ball bandage
What bandage is used in fractures, luxations, and wounds distal to the humerous, wing is brought together as a single unit, intitial wrap is placed high in the axillary region, normal wing position maintained?
figure 8 bandage
What is the maintenance fluid rate for birds?
50-100 ml/kg/day
What are signs of over hydration? 4
Apprehension
Regurgitation
Tachycardia
Dyspnea
C/S of hypoproteinemia?
Cardiovascular Collapse
Pulmonary Edema
Do birds have blood types?
no
How much blood volume can safely be taken from a donor for transfusion?