The flashcards below were created by user
andreathors16
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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genome
- the genetic information in a cell
- chromosomes and plasmids
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chromosome
- structure in a cell that carries hereditary information
- composed of DNA and protien and genes
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DNA
- nitrogenous base A-T G-C (nucleobase)
- double helix (nucleotides twisted)
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genes
segments of DNA that code for functional products. codes for mRNA molecule
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genetic code
set of rules that determines how nucleotide - amino acid sequence of protien
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mRNA
results in formation of a protien
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genotype
- genetic makeup; charataristics
- potential properties, not proporties themselves (DNA)
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phenotype
- expression of gene;how it appears
- expressed portion, manifistation of gene, protiens
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central dogma
- replication
- transcription
- translation
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replication
copying of info for next generation
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replication steps
- separation fork
- hydrogen bonds
- catalyze
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rep- separation fork
double helix of parent DNA separate
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Rep- hydrogen bonds
form between A-T and G-C
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rep- catalyze
enzymes catalyze formation resulting in a daughter strand
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DNA synthesis
- helicase unwinds
- leading strand- DNA polymerase
- lagging strand- RNA polymerase/DNA polmerase
- DNA ligase
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helicase
an enzyme that unwinds template dna
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leading strand
synthesized continuasly by dna polymearase
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lagging strand
RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA primer- made longer by DNA polymeraswe
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DNA ligase
joins discontinued fragments
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DNA polymerase
copy DNA from DNA
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RNA polymerase
copies RNA from DNA
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DNA ligase
joins segments of DNA
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transcription
- copying of information for use by the cell
- allows the cell to produce copies of genes that are used as the direct source of info for portien synthesis
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ribosomal RNA
cellular machinery for protien synthesis
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transfer RNA
involved in protien synthesis
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messanger RNA
- carries coded info for making protiens from DNA to ribosomes
- acts as an intermediate between DNA and translation
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transcription requries
RNA polymerase
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promotor
where RNA polymerase binds at DNA
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transcription steps
- promotor
- C G A U - no T
- transcribed DNA rewinded
- terminatior
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terminator
reaches terminator and it relases RNA and RNA polymerase causing DNA to rehelix
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