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active infinitives
- pres. -are, -ere, -ere, -ire
- perf. perfect stem + -isse
- fut. fut. act. ppl. + esse
- eg - ago
- pres - agere ...to lead
- perf - egisse ....to have led
- fut - acturus, -a, -um esse ..to be about to, going to lead
the ppl agrees w/ the subject of esse
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passive infinitives
- pres. -ari, -eri, -i, -iri
- perf. perf. pass. ppl + esse
- fut. {supine in -um + iri)
- eg. ago
- pres. agiri ....to be led
- perf. actus, -a, -um esse ...to have been led
- fut. actum iri .......to be about to be, going to be led
the ppls agree w/ subject of esse
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infinitive uses
- as a subject - errare est humanum - to err is human
- as a complement - discedere nunc possunt - they are able to leave now, they can leave now
- as a direct object - iussit eos venire - he ordered them to come
- in indirect statement
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indirect statement
reporting someone's remarks indirectly
involves a verb of saying, knowing, thinking, hearing, perceiving, feeling, seeing and an infinitive w/ an acc. subj
- Iulia putat se esse bonam discipulam.
- Julia thinks herself to be a good student. (lit.)
- Julia thinks that she is a good student.
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tongue; language
lingua, linguae, f.
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fierce, savage
ferox, ferocis (gen.) (3rd d adj in 1)
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faithful, loyal
fidelis, fidele + dat. (3rd decl)
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twin
geminus, gemina, geminum
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wise, judicious
sapiens, gen. sapientis (3rd d adj, like potens)
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wise man/woman, philosopher
sapiens, sapientis, mostly masc.
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farthest, extreme; last, final
ultimus, ultima, ultimum
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then, next, adv
dehinc (don't pronounce the 'h')
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here, adv.
hic (long i, pronounced heek)
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he says, they say, assert
ait, aiunt (defective verb) commonly used w/ proverbs and anecdotes
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to trust, believe
- credo, credere, credidi, creditum (3) + acc or dat
- use acc. w/ neuter things, dat. w/ people/gods
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to lie; lie prostrate; lie dead
iaceo, iacere, iacui (2) (eg hic iacet, here lies)
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to deny, say that....is/did not
nego, negare, negavi, negatum (1)
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to not know, be ignorant
nescio, nescire, nescivi, nescitum (4)
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to announce, report, relate
nuntio, nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatum (1)
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to make open, open; disclose, expose
patefacio, patefacere, patefeci, patefactum (3, io)
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to reckon, suppose, judge, think, imagine
puto, putare, putavi, putatum (1)
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to hope for, hope (that)
spero, sperare, speravi, speratum (1)
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to undertake
suscipio, suscipere, suscepi, susceptum (3, io) (sus + capio)
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verbs that may introduce indirect statements
- 1. saying - dico, nego, ait, nuntio, pronuntio, narro, scribo, doceo, ostendo, demonstro, moneo, peto
- 2. knowing - scio, nescio, intellego, memoria teneo, disco
- 3. thinking - cerno, cogito, credo, habeo, puto, spero
- 4. perceiving/feelng - audio, video, sentio, gaudeo
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