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Any disease that narrows the coronary arteries
Coronary Artery Disease /CAD
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General term for all types of arteriole changes
Thickening, loss of elasticity & calcification of arteriole walls
Leads to narrow lumens, ishemia, & necrosis
Arteriosclerosis
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Form of arteriosclerosis
Presence of artheromes
Thickening and hardening of the arteries due to lipid, fibrin, debris, and thrombus hardening
Atherosclerosis
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What are the general effects of Artheroclerosis?
- Decrease perfusion of organs
- Increase platelet adhesion
- promotes the development of aneurysm
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How does an atheroma begin to form?
endothelial injury to an artery, which rasises C-reactive proteins
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What is the earliest atheroma lesion?
fatty streak
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What do fatty streaks consist of?
- lipid filled smooth muscle
- macrophages
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Thin yellow discolorations of artery tunica intima that progressively enlarge over time
Fatty streak
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What are the characteristic lesion of advancing athersclerosis?
plaque
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blood levels high in LDL and cholesterol
hyperlipidemia
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Where do thrombuses usually form
biofurcations of large arteries(aorta, coronary, carotid, illiac)
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What are the consuqences of arthersclerosis?
- Athermoas
- Myocardial Ischemia
- Myocardial Infarction(Heart Attack)
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Intermittent periods of Ischemia
Cardiac muscles are alive, but unable to function normally
Myocardial Ischemia
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Heart attack
Death of Cardiac muscle
Occurs when Ischemia is over 20 minutes
Myocardial Infarction
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What are the risk factors for CAD?
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Genetic
- Age
- Gender
- Obesity
- Sedentary Lifestyle
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Localized contraction of arteriolar smooth muscle
vasospasm
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