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Hematocrit refernce range for male and female
- Male: 42 - 52%
- Female: 37 - 47%
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What are 3 types of microcytic/hypochromic anemias?
- Iron Deficiency anema (IDA)
- Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD)
- Sideroblastic Anemia
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Group of red cell disorders that involve a defect in hgb synthesis due to deficiency of iron and abnormal utilization of iron
Microcytic hypochromic anemias
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Reticulocyte reference range
0.5 - 2.0%
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Seen using supervital stain
Useful in determining the response and potential of the bone marrow
Non-nucleated RBC's; contain RNA
Reticulocyte Count
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Reference range for MCH
27-31 pg
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Reference range for MCV
80-100 FL
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Reference range for MCHC
32 - 36%
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What are 3 methods of measuring Hgb?
- Cyanmethhemoglobin
- Oxyhemoglobin
- Method in which iron contentis measured
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What are 2 types of hemolysis?
- Intracorpuscular (Congenital)
- Extracorpuscular (Aquired)
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Name the type of hemolysis:
Problem is within the red cell or red cell membrane
Intracorpuscular
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Name the type of hemolysis:
Cause by antibodies, mechanical damage.
Extracorpuscular
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Name the 2 types of maturation disorders:
- Nuclear abnormality
- Cytoplasmic abnormality
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Name the maturation disorder:
Nucleus does not develop as fast as the cytoplasm
Nuclear abnormality (B12 deficiency)
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Name the maturation disorder:
globulin chains are not being synthesized at the proper rate.
Cytoplasmic abnormality (Thalassemia)
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What are 3 important functions of iron?
- Cellular growth
- O2 transport
- Proliferation of RBC's
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Reference range for total body iron
3500 - 4000 mg
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Where is 2/3 of the total body iron located?
Where is 1/3 of the total body iron located?
- 2/3 in Hgb
- 1/3 stored as ferritin or hemosiderin
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Regulation of Fe absorption occurs where?
Intestinal Mucosa
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Name the iron storage form:
Major storage form of iron
Water soluble
Easily mobilized by the body for utilization
Ferritin
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Name the iron storage form:
Not water soluble
Released more slowly than ferritin
Less readily available for utilization
Hemosiderin
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Measure of transferrin bound in iron
Serum Iron
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Total amount of iron that can be bound by transferrin in plasma or serum.
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
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Total lack of body iron
Iron Deficiency Anemia
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Causes of IDA
- Increased demand for Iron
- Abnormal utilization of iron
- poor diet malabsorption
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What are some lab findings with a person who has IDA?
- Decreased serum ferritin
- RBC morphology normal
- RDW increased
- Hemosiderin absent or decreased
- TIBC increased
- Retic count increased
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What are some lab findings with a person who has AOI?
- Decreased Iron
- Decreased TIBC
- Decreased SAT
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What are some lab findings with a person who has sideroblastic anemia (SA)?
- Poikilocytosis, Anisocytosis, Basophilic stippling, Pappenheimer bodies
- Increased: Saturation, RDW, FEP, Fe
- Ringed sideroblasts > 40%
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Decrease or absent synthesis of one of the constituent globin chains due to genetic mutation
Thalassemia
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Name the thalassemia:
Seen primarily in the Mediterranean
Beta thalassemia
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Name the thalassemia:
Seen primarily in Southeast Asia and Continental Africa
Alpha thalassemia
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What is the pH used when performing hemoglobin electrophoresis?
8.4
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