Mem and Cog FINAL

organized general knowledge structures about commonly experiencedaspects of life

Herman Ebbinghaus used these to study memory in the absence of any priorknowledge that could influence memory (2 words)

you forget the most at the beginning after the info was learned then the forgetting wanes negatively

occurs with
continued practice of to-beremembered info after it can be perfectly recalled

easier to
relearn information if you’ve already learned it. Will take less time second
time around

model of memory
that relates STM to the sensory registers, LTM, and control processes

type of memory
that is difficult to verbalize and encompasses conditioning, priming, and
procedural memory

wave of
electrical energy flowing down an axon to trigger the release of
neurotransmitters (2 words)

structure of the
limbic system that processes the emotional aspects of memory

meaning of words, Wernicke’s area. Information about things
like objects get stored in association areas. Storage

neuroimaging
technique that looks for the presence of oxygen atoms in the brain by utilizing
a large magnet to track blood flow
blood oxygen levels

measures
metabolic activity in the brain through the tracking of a radioactive subsance. :
glucose level. Injected with radioactive isotopes. Shows activity but no brain
structure

motor
functioning subcortical structure. Helpful with procedural memory.

subcortical
structures important in motor functioning and unconscious types of memory
processes like procedural memory (2 words)

gateway from STM to LTM.
Deficient in Alzheimer’s.
New information

thalamus
and hypothalamus. Stores factual knowledge.

procedural
memory, hindbrain. motor control

unintentional learning

according to this
perspective, memory performance is better with deep rather than shallow
processing of the to-be-remembered info (3 words)

a type of
rehearsal where new to-be-learned info is associated with old info already in
the memory store

this theory
suggests that memory for concrete words may be stored in both verbal and
imaginal codes (2 words)

according to this
effect, information that is generated is better remembered than info that is
simply read or heard

retrieval cues
one devises to help recall large sets of information (2 words)

sensory memory for visual information

sensory memory for auditory information

we learn better easier to remember when its in
groups

time to rehesarse the information in the
beginning can help us remember.

still in short term easier to recall

information into senses from the environment

interpreting this sensational information

limited resources for cognitive processing

hold information in STM, do some processing/manipulation
with it like rehearsing

processes verbal and auditory information. working memory

slave system. Processes visual and
spatial information


according to the
Baddeley and Hitch model, this sketchpad in working memory is responsible for
visual and spatial processing

this component of
the Baddeley and Hitch model allocates attentional resources and supresses
irrelevant info in working memory (2 words)

removes
irrelevant info from working memory

this working
memory structure is responsible for the active rehearsal of verbal and auditory
info and enters visually presented items into the phonological loop (2 words)

Temporary store house. inner ear

this effect
refers to the idea that people prefer things that they have been exposed to
before, even if they are unaware of the exposure (2words)

this type of
priming is represented by faster or more accurate retrieval when the same or
related info has been previously retrieved

in this task one
must decide whether or not a presented string of letters is a word (2 wordds)

a type of memory
that occurs outside of awareness and is affected more by perceptual rather than
conceptual characteristics

a type of
nondeclarative memory for skills and how to do things

memory cue for episodic memory

the idea that
episodic memory retrieval may be better when the retrieval context matches the
learning context (2 words)

according to this
principle, episodic memory performance is better when the processes used to
remember info match those used to encode it

forgetting caused
by this type of interference occurs when newer memories interfere with
retrieval of similar older memories

forgetting caused
by this type of interference occurs when older memories interfere with
retrieval of similar newer memories

this effect
refers to the idea that in epiodic memory, as the number of associations with a
concept increases, response time and or error rates to confirm any one
association also increases

the finding that
giving part of a set of to-beremembered info can harm recall (3words)

according to this
effect, memory is better for distinctive items. in episodic memory

a semantic memory
representation in which several items are treated as equivalent in some way

a mental
construct containing info associated with an idea

refers to the idea that some category members are more representative
of the category than are others

the tendency to
treat category members as if they shared some underlying essence refers to

this is a single representation that serves as an average category member

this is how info
is retrieved from a semantic network model. one association triggers another association etc (2 words)

describes knowledge in terms of basic propositions and the connections among them. two nodes and a link

a multiple trace
model of LTM that uses the idea of encoding specificity(content, associative and contextual information) to account for both
recall and recognition memory

THeories of memory that assume that information is represented in a massively interconnected network in which information is encoded by the strength of the associations among the units

this type of
memory is experienced as remembering an event from one's own perspective

this type of
memory is experienced from an outsider's perspective

cant remember anything from age of 2-3 because frontal lobes havent developed

old people remember things in their 20s cause its life changing

these memories
are highly detailed and enduring

these memories
contain both episodic and semantic components and make up one's life narrative

this type of
memory relies on our ability to recollect where an item of info originated

allows us to distinguish between what we actually did and what
we only thought about doing

copywriting someones memory without knowing you did

this effect
refers to labeling nonfamous persons as famous simply because the name leicits
a feeling of familiarity (2words)

imagining an
event may lead to a person remembers the event as
having actually been experienced

according to this
effect, people are more willing to accept a previoiusly rejected opinion when a
low credibility source has been forgotten over time

according to this
law, memory performance may decline at high levels of arousal and may be best
at moderate levels (2words)

according to this
hypothesis, at heightened levels of emotional arousal people tend to focus on
more salient details and thus have poorer memory for peripheral details

this type of
interview represents a technique to increase the amount of correct info given
by eyewhitnesses and includes things like reinstating the context of the crime,
taking multiple perspectives when relating details, and limiting interuptions
as witnesses are realting their stories

these
suggestions, intentional or not, can make it difficult for witnesses to
distinguish accurate from inaccurate memories

this effect
refers to the finding by Loftus and Palmer that the way questions are posed can
influence what is remembered by an eyewhitness

metamemory
ratings of how well a person feels something new has been learned

metacognitive
judgement about the likelyhood of later recognizing comething that cannot
currently be recalled

this state refers
to a feeling that the retrieval of a forgotten word or name is imminent

learn info better if its just beyond your comprehension

this type of
memory allows one to complete an intended action in the future and requires
encoding when the action is to be done, monitoring the environment for a
retrieval cue, and retrieving the memory for the action at the appropriate time

this hypothesis
suggests that hudgements of learning are often incorrect because they are based on recently encountered info that
is in short term memory (2words)

this type of
amnesia reflects an inability to aquire new memories

the greater loss
of newer, rather than older, memories in retrograde amnesia follows this law

this type of
amnesia is brief, typically lasting 3-8 hours, but emcompasses a wide range of
memory loss

involves forgetting fundamental spects of one's identity

a type of
psychogenic amnesia characterized by the appearance of two or more distinct
identities with an inability for the person to recall key info about his/her
separate identities

when this process
of solidifying memory traces over time is disrupted by trauma to the brain,
retrograde amnesia may result

this condition is
often found in the type of anterograde amnesia caused by damage to the
diencephalon and refers to a spontaneous production of false memories

this type of
neurological disease can take one of several forms that encompass significant intellectual
decline affecting loss of memory, abstract thinking, and/or language

impaired word
finding without the loss of comprehension

this type of
aphasia invloves the loss of memory for the meaning of words (receptive
language abilities)

this type of
aphasia involves difficulty with word finding and fluency of speech (expressive
language abilities)

an inability to
use memory to recognize faces

this type of
amnesia is caused by aquired brain damage due to stroke, traumatic brain
injury, or electroconvulsive therapy

a way to reduce or control interference by activley reducing the activation of interfereing information

the prime and the target are from the same semantic category and share features. works because of spreading neural networks