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Race
Is involuntary, usually based on physical differences, hierachical, exclusive & unequal
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Ethnicity
Involves more variability & mixture than race
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Theories of Race & Ethnic Relations*
Scapegoat theory: Indiv. who expierences prejudice & discrimination are liekly to take their frustration out & discriminate others
Authoritarian theory: People with authoritarian personality are most likely to be intolerant
Conflict theory: Powerful people in society use prejudice as a mean to justify inequality in society
Labeling theory: When people in a society label others
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Assimilation*
Adaption of mainstream culture
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Pluralism*
All different racial/ethnic groups coexit without a hierachy assigned to the group (all equal importance)
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Segregation*
Distictively seperate into their own racial/ethnic categories (Jim Crow Laws, N. Americans)
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Genocide*
Systamic killing of an entire group of people
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Native Americans
2.5 mil
Diverse group, lowest socio-economic status
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African Americans
- Entered as slaves
- 12.3% of pop.
Med. income
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Japanese Americans
Immigrated last centuryto work & expiernce legal & socioal discrimination
WWII many were in camps
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Chinese Americans
Immigration started with gold rush, currently outpace national avg. economically & education, many living Chinatown poverty
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Latinos
Recent imigrants, below national avg. in income
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WASP
Mostly english origin, dominated most U.S., most immigrated to this country, their power is declining
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Prejudice
Attitude; negative or positive
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Discrimination
Action of treating others unfairly
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Gender
Personal traits & social position that members of a society attach to being female & male
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Sex
Biological distination between males & females
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Gender Roles
Attitudes & activities that a society links to each sex
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Masculinity
Associated with physical fitness, money making ability, & associated with sports
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Femininity
Concept that changes to meet societal needs
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Patriarchy
A system of stratification where men are given more power & prestige than women
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Glass Ceiling*
When women enter proffesional occupations they move up the ladder to a certain point & then stop when reach invisible barrier that keeps them from moving
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Glass Escalator*
When men enter femanized proffesional occupations they move up the occupation ladder at a faster rate than women
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Domestic Violence*
Reasons why indiv. stay & the cycle of abuse
Dependent, love & fear
Honeymoon stage-Tension building-Explosion Violence-Honeymoon stage
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Female Genital Mutilation
Not consider illegal crime instead its crime in the name of mortality
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Marriage Patterns
Endogamy*: Marriages between partners of the same social categories
Exogamy*: Marriages between partners of diff. social categories
Monogamy: Marriage involving only 2 partners
Polygamy: Marriage involving 3 or more partners
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Types of Family
Extended Fam: Fam. unit including parents, children & also other kin
Nuclear Fam: Fam. unit including only the parents & children (most common)
Bi-Nuclear: Stepfamilies that come together after remarrge of their parent
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Divorce
- U.S. has highest rate
- 48% divorace rate as of 2010
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Cohabition
Living together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning
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