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HLW
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What disease results when defective osteoclasts fail to reabsorb and remodel the fetal bone leading to spicules filling the medullary cavity (aplastic anemia results)?
Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)
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What autosomal recessive inherited disease of newborn pigs causes abnormal periosteal bone formation on major long bones (growth plates expand in diameter)?
Congenital Cortical Hyperostosis
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What disease is an autosomal recessive condition in west highland white terriers, causing irregular thickening of the mandibles (apparent at 4-7 months and can regress)?
Craniomandibular osteopathy (Lion jaw, Scottie Jaw, Westie Jaw)
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What is a disorder of bone growth due to primary lesion in growth cartilage and can result in disproportionate dwarfism (animals have shortened maxilla)?
Chondrodystrophies
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What are lesions in growth cartilage of young animals characterized by focal or multifocal failure and copper deficiency due to excess dietary zinc has been implicated?
Osteochondrosis
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What are some possible lesions associated with osteochondrosis? 3
- Failure of growth cartilage to become mineralized
- Irregular width of articular cartilage
- Abnormal retention of cartilage
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What disease results in fracture of the overlying articular cartilage resulting in a cartilagenous or osteochondral flap (possible joint mouse)?
Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD)
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What animals are affected by cervical vertebral myelopathy, "Wobbler's Syndrome"? 2
- Thoroughbred and Standard bred horses
- Giant dog breeds
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What type of cervical vertebral myelopathy occurs in older horses (1-4 years)?
Static compression: cervical static stenosis
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What type of cervical vertebral melopathy occurs in young horses (8-18 months)?
Dynamic compression: cervical vertebral instability
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What breed of dog is most common affected by cervical spondylomyopathies (Wobbler syndrome)?
Doberman
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In what dog breeds do you see hemivertebrae (half vertebrae)? 2
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In what animals do you see growth arrest of long bones? 3
- Calvs exposed to BVDV
- Dogs exposed to distemper virus
- Animals poisoned by phosphorous or lead
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What happens when there is a negative balance between the formation and resorption of bone leading to reduction of bone mass?
Osteoporosis
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What are some conditions that can lead to osteoporosis? 5
- Deficient in calcium
- Vitamin A toxicosis
- Adriamycin toxicity
- Fluoride toxicity
- Postmenopausal
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What disease of young, growing animals leads to distorted bones due to widened growth plate (deficiency in Ca, P, or vitamin D)?
Rickets
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What condition is associated with softening of the bones in grown animals whose growth plates have already closed?
Osteomalacia
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What is the result of Osteodystrophia fibrosa (Fibrous osteodystrophy)?
Bones, particularly those of the head, become swollen, soft, thing and deformed
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What are some possible causes of Osteodystrophia fibrous? 5
- Deficiency in Ca and Vit D
- High dietary Ca:P ratio
- Severe renal disease
- Ingestion of high oxalate plants
- Primary and Secondary hyperparathyroidism
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What causes "big head" in horses and pigs? 2
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What is the etiology behind renal hyperparathyroidism? 2
- Failure to eliminate P in the urine
- Failure of absorption of Ca
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What vitamin deficiency is seen in calves and pigs and results in bone be produced at sites where resorption should be occuring?
Vitamin A
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What are some lesions associated with vitamin A deficiency? 2
- Small brain case and pressure on the CNS
- Compression and degeneration of optic nerves
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In what animals do you see Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (metaphyseal osteopathy)?
Young growing dogs of the large and giant breeds
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What is the proposed underlying mechanism of periosteal exophytoses in Hypertrophic Osteopathy?
Change of the blood flow in the extremities
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What animals are affected by Chronic fluorine poisoning (fluoride concentrations greater than 2500 ppm in bone)?
Herbivorous animals
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Too much of what vitamin can cause a toxic osteodystrophy in cats leading to fused vertebral ankylosis?
Hypervitaminosis A
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Too much of what vitamin can produce bone lesions of osteosclerosis, denser skeleton, hypercalcemia, and calcification of soft tissues?
Hypervitaminosis D
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What is a piece of necrotic bone isolated from the remaining viable bone?
Sequestrum
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In what animals do you see Femoral head-Legg Calve Perthes disease?
Young small, and miniature breed dogs
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What can cause granulomatous inflammation of the bone?
Actinomyces bovis in cattle (lumpy jaw)
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What is the most common skeletal neoplasm of dogs and cats (common in mature, large breed dogs)?
Osteosarcoma (frequently metastasizes)
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