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svenhop
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Alcohol Withdrawl Symptoms
- Tremor (6-12 hours)
- Tachycardia, hypertension, agitation, seizures (<48 hrs)
- Hallucinations, DTs (severe autonomic instability leading to tachycardia, hypertension, delirium, and possibly death. Morality is 15-20%)
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Alcohol Treatment
- Benzodiazepines (can require massive doses)
- Heloperidol for hallucinations
- Thiamine, folate, multivitamin replacement (do no affect withdrawal, but most alcoholics are deficient)
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Barbiturates Withdrawal Symptoms
Anxiety, seizures, delirium, tremor; cardiac and respiratory depression
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Barbiturate Withdrawal Treatment
Benzos
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Benzodiazepines Withdrawal Symptoms
Rebound anxiety, seizures, tremor, insomnia
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Cocaine/amphetamines Withdrawal
Depression, hyperphagia, hypersomnolence
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Cocaine/amphetamines Withdrawal Treatment
Supportive treatment. Avoid pure B-blockers (may lead to unopposed alpha activity, causing hypertension)
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Opioids Withdrawal Symptoms
Anxiety, insomnia, flulike symptoms, piloerection, fever, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, yawning, nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, mydriasis
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Opioids Withdrawal Treatment
Antiemetics, muscle relaxers, and NSAIDs for mild symptoms; clonidine, buprenorphine, or methadone for moderate to severe symptoms
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Neonatal abstinence syndrome
- Heroine/opiate withdrawal of infant in first few days of life
- irritability, high-pitched cry, poor sleeping, tremors, seizures, sweating, sneezing, tachypnea, vomiting, diarrhea
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