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Global evaluation about oneself, selfworth or self image
Self esteem
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Domain specific evaluation of one's self; evaluate acadenic, athletics, appearance
Self concept
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The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes
Self efficacy
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Delibrate efforts to manage one's behavior, emotions and thoughts that lead to social competence and achievement
Self regulation
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the lowest level of Kohlberg's stages of moral reasoning. At this level, children interpret good and bad in terms of external rewards and punishment
Preconventional reasoning
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The first stage in preconventional reasoning. At this stage, moral thinking is tied to punishment
Heteronous morality
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The second stage of Level 1, preconventional reasoning. At this stage, children reason that pursuing their own interest is the right thing to do. Thus they think what is right involves an equal exchange
Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange
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The second stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development
Conventional reasoning
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Kholberg's third stage of moral development (Level 2). At this stage, individuals value trust, caring, and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgements
Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships and interpersonal conformity
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The fourth stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. At this stage, moral judgements are based on understanding the socual order, law, justice and duty
Social systems morality
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The highest level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. At this level, the individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options and then decides on personal moral code
Postconventional reasoning
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The third level, 5th stage in Kohlberg stage of Moral development in which individuals reason that values, rights, and priciples transcend law
Social contract or utility and individual rights
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The sixth and highest stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development. At this stage, the person has developed a moral standard based on universal human rights
Universal ethical principles
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A moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others
Care perspective
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Broad catergories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about females and males
Gender stereotypes
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The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person
Androgyny
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Frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers
Popular children
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Received a median number of both positive and negative Nominatios from peers
Average children
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Infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers
Neglected children
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Infrequently nominated as someone's best friend and are actively dusliked by their peers
Rejected children
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Frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked
Controversial children
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Learning centered emphasis on the impirtance of individuals to actively construct their kniwledge and understanding with guidance from a teacher
Constructive approach
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Characterized by teacher direction and control, high teacher expectations for student progress, maximum time spent by students in academic tasks, and effortd by teacher to keep negative affect to a minimum
Direct instruction approach
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Increased phychological and social characteristcs in the middle and late childhood
Self-description
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A male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships. It puts justice and the heart of morality
Justice perspective
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The cognitive view that individuals develop for themselves
Mindset
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Erickson's 4th Stage: Becoming interested in how things are made and how they work
Industry
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Erickson's 4 th Stage: Parents would see their children's effort of making things as "mischief" or msking a mess
Inferiority
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What percentage ofchildren whose parents divorced will gave a stepparent within 4 years of seperation
50%
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What are the 3 common types of stepfamily structure?
- 1. Stepfather
- 2. Stepmothet
- 3. Blended/Complex
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The extent to which children are liked ir disliked by their peer group
Sociometric status
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5 stepsin processing information about the social world
- 1. Decode social cues
- 2. Interpret
- 3. Search for a response
- 4. Search for an optimal response
- 5. Enact
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.Verbal or Physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful
Bullying
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3 Effects of bullying
- 1. Aggressive children may be targeted because they irritate bully
- 2. Lonliness and difficulty making friends
- 3. Anxious and socially withdrawn may be targeted because of they are unlikely to retaliate.
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What are 3 characteristics of bullys?
- 1. Poor academic grades
- 2. Alcohol use
- 3. Smoke cigarettes
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6 Characteristics of Bullied victims
- 1. Sleeping problems
- 2. Anxiety
- 3. Dizziness
- 4. Depression
- 5. Headaches
- 5. Suicide
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Who is Carol Gilligan and what is she known for?
A publicized critic of Kholberg's theory who argues that his theories are gender biased.
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A mral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness and emphasizes interpersonal communication
Care Perspective (Carol Gilligan)
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