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The flashcards below were created by user
gandalfthegrey
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What kind of faults are there?
Transform (sliding), normal, and reverse fault.
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What are composite/strato volcanoes?
Volcanoes that are the result of a series of explosive volcanic eruptions, these volcanoes are more conically shaped and formed along plate boundaries
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What occurs when the top of a composite volcano gets sheared off?
A glowing gas cloud appears.
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What occurs when silica is incorporated in magma?
The magma becomes viscous at a lower melting point.
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What is/ are the characteristics of a shield volcano?
A shield volcano is built from effusive eruptions. It is gently sloped with a shape similar in outline to a shield of armor lying face up on the ground.
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Define cinder cone.
Cinder cones are small, and made of ash and cinder
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Define caldera.
A caldera is a large, basin-shaped depression that forms when summit material on a volcanic mountain collapses inward after an eruption
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Why is Hawaii moving?
The island chain was formed by a hot spot, and it moves away from the hot spot towards the northwest so new islands can form
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Why do the Hawaiian islands get progressively smaller as you move north?
Weathering makes them smaller, and no forces are creating new landmasses.
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What is a sea spout?
An island that doesn't make it to the surface.
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What kinds of faults are there?
Transform, normal, reverse, and overthrust faults.
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What is the deepest place on Earth?
The Mariana Trench.
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What are forshocks? How often do they occur?
Forshocks are small quakes before a big earthquake. They only occur 5% of the time.
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Where is the epicenter of an earthquake located?
The area at the surface directly above the focus.
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What are the three factors that determine the damage done by an earthquake?
Magnitude, distance from center, and bedrocks.
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How do Palm Oases form?
They form near subduction zones along faults that have a groundwater table. Water surfaces along the fault.
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Where does the San Andreas fault run to and from.
From No Cal to So Cal and almost to Mexico.
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What are P waves?
Pressure waves. They cause compression and rarefaction (?) waves.
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What are S waves?
Surface waves. They cause undulations.
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Do P waves or S waves cause more damage? Which ones will you feel first?
S waves cause more damage. You feel P waves first.
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How do long waves undulate?
Laterally.
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What is an anticline?
The area long the ridge of a fold where layers slipe downward away from the axis.
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What is a syncline?
The area in the trough of the fold where layers slope downward toward the axis.
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