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The flashcards below were created by user
tville01
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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acute infection of lung with impairment of gas exchange
pneumonia
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What are the 3 ways pneumonia can be classified
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What can be the causitive microbial agents of pneumonia
- viral
- bacterial
- fungal
- protozoal
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Which microbial pneumonia is more common in children 2-3 yrs old
viral
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Which microbial pneumonia is more common as a complication of influenza or the common cold
bacterial
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Which microbial pneumonia is more common in school aged children
mycoplasma pneumonia
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What are the 3 location types of pneumonia
- bronchopneumonia(involves alevoil)
- lobular pneumonia- part of a lung lobe
- lobar pneumonia- entire lung lobe
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What causes primary pneumonia
inhalation of the pathogen
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What causes secondary pneumonia
- lung damage from noxious chemical
- bloodborne infection
- aspiration pneumonia(aspirating foreign matter)
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What is the causitive agent of lobar pneumonia
- Streptococcus pneumoniae aka pneumococcus
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Describe Streptococcus pneumoniae
- gram-positive
- diplococci, small chains
- polysaccharide capsule
- 90 serological different types
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describe the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
capsule prevents/delays phaygocytosis
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What is the pathophysiology of lobar pneumonia
- S. pneumoniae colonizes in nasopharynx
- 1st stage= congestion of alveolar wall
- eventually consolidation in lungs
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Describe the onset of lobar pneumonia
sudden and acute
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What are the signs of lobar pneumonia
- high fever
- rusty sputum
- rales leading to consolidation
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What is the treatment for lobar pneumonia
antibiotics
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How can you prevent lobar pneumonia
23-valent pneumococcal vaccine
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describe the distribution of bronchopneumonia
- scattered
- more than 1 lobe
- often lower lobes
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what is the causitive agent of bronchopneumonia
- multiple bacteria
- result of drainage from URT into lungs
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which pneumonia is a hazard to immobilized patients
bronchopneumonia
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What is the pathophysiology of bronchopneumonia
- inflammation & purulent exudate in alveoli
- often arising from pooled secreations or irritation
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Describe the onset of bronchopneumonia
insidious
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What are the signs of bronchopneumonia
- mild fever
- yellow-green sputum
- Dyspena
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What is the treatment for bronchopneumonia
antibacterial dependant on causitive bacteria
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pnuemonia with patchy inflammatory changes in lungs, confined to alveolar septa and pulmonary interstitium
interstitial pnuemonia/primary atypical/PAP/walking pnuemonia
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What is the causitive agent in interstitial pnuemonia
influenza A or B virus or mycoplasma pnuemoniae(most common)
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describe mycoplasma pnuemoniae
- small
- pleomorphic
- no cell wall= no gram stain
- not highly contagious
- droplets transmitt
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What is the pathophysiology of PAP pnuemonia
- interstitial inflammation around alveoli
- necrosis of bronchial epithelium
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describe the onset of interstitial pnuemonia
variable
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what are the signs of PAP pnuemonia
- fever
- headache & muscle ache
- nonproductive hacking cough
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what is the treatment for interstitial pnuemonia
- Viral= antiviral, support respiratory function
- Mycoplasma pnuemoniae= antibacterial meds like erythromycin or tetracycline
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how is interstitial pnuemnia diagnoised
- chest x-ray
- sputum
- gram stain & C&S to identify causeitive agent
- WBC-leukocytosis=bacterial
- luekopenia or normal =viral
- blood cultures with bacterium
- ABG
- bronchoscopy to collect sputun
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what are the complications with PAP
- hypoxemia
- respiratory failure
- bacterium
- lung abscess
- empyema
- plueral effusion
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spread of infection into plueral cavity
empysa
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excess fluid in the plueral cavity
plueral effusion
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what is the prognosis for interstitial pnuemonia
- good for normal immune system
- bacterial=leading death cause for debilitated patients
- viral= poor due to cardiopulmonary collapse
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