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Chapter 19, Pneumonia
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acute infection of lung with impairment of gas exchange
pneumonia
What are the 3 ways pneumonia can be classified
origin
location
type
What can be the causitive microbial agents of pneumonia
viral
bacterial
fungal
protozoal
Which microbial pneumonia is more common in children 2-3 yrs old
viral
Which microbial pneumonia is more common as a complication of influenza or the common cold
bacterial
Which microbial pneumonia is more common in school aged children
mycoplasma pneumonia
What are the 3 location types of pneumonia
bronchopneumonia(involves alevoil)
lobular pneumonia- part of a lung lobe
lobar pneumonia- entire lung lobe
What causes primary pneumonia
inhalation of the pathogen
What causes secondary pneumonia
lung damage from noxious chemical
bloodborne infection
aspiration pneumonia(aspirating foreign matter)
What is the causitive agent of lobar pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
aka pneumococcus
Describe
Streptococcus pneumoniae
gram-positive
diplococci, small chains
polysaccharide capsule
90 serological different types
describe the virulence of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
capsule prevents/delays phaygocytosis
What is the pathophysiology of lobar pneumonia
S. pneumoniae
colonizes in nasopharynx
1st stage= congestion of alveolar wall
eventually consolidation in lungs
Describe the onset of lobar pneumonia
sudden and acute
What are the signs of lobar pneumonia
high fever
rusty
sputum
rales leading to consolidation
What is the treatment for lobar pneumonia
antibiotics
How can you prevent lobar pneumonia
23-valent pneumococcal vaccine
describe the distribution of bronchopneumonia
scattered
more than 1 lobe
often lower lobes
what is the causitive agent of bronchopneumonia
multiple bacteria
result of drainage from URT into lungs
which pneumonia is a hazard to immobilized patients
bronchopneumonia
What is the pathophysiology of bronchopneumonia
inflammation & purulent exudate in alveoli
often arising from pooled secreations or irritation
Describe the onset of bronchopneumonia
insidious
What are the signs of bronchopneumonia
mild fever
yellow-green
sputum
Dyspena
What is the treatment for bronchopneumonia
antibacterial dependant on causitive bacteria
pnuemonia with patchy inflammatory changes in lungs, confined to alveolar septa and pulmonary interstitium
interstitial pnuemonia/primary atypical/PAP/walking pnuemonia
What is the causitive agent in interstitial pnuemonia
influenza A or B virus or mycoplasma pnuemoniae(most common)
describe mycoplasma pnuemoniae
small
pleomorphic
no cell wall= no gram stain
not highly contagious
droplets transmitt
What is the pathophysiology of PAP pnuemonia
interstitial inflammation around alveoli
necrosis of bronchial epithelium
describe the onset of interstitial pnuemonia
variable
what are the signs of PAP pnuemonia
fever
headache & muscle ache
nonproductive
hacking cough
what is the treatment for interstitial pnuemonia
Viral= antiviral, support respiratory function
Mycoplasma pnuemoniae= antibacterial meds like erythromycin or tetracycline
how is interstitial pnuemnia diagnoised
chest x-ray
sputum
gram stain & C&S to identify causeitive agent
WBC-leukocytosis=bacterial
luekopenia or normal =viral
blood cultures with bacterium
ABG
bronchoscopy to collect sputun
what are the complications with PAP
hypoxemia
respiratory failure
bacterium
lung abscess
empyema
plueral effusion
spread of infection into plueral cavity
empysa
excess fluid in the plueral cavity
plueral effusion
what is the prognosis for interstitial pnuemonia
good for normal immune system
bacterial=leading death cause for debilitated patients
viral= poor due to cardiopulmonary collapse
Author
tville01
ID
152718
Card Set
Chapter 19, Pneumonia
Description
Chapter 19, Pneumonia
Updated
5/10/2012, 6:42:33 PM
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