Chapter 19, Pneumonia

The flashcards below were created by user tville01 on FreezingBlue Flashcards.

acute infection of lung with impairment of gas exchange

pneumonia
What are the 3 ways pneumonia can be classified
- origin
- location
- type
What can be the causitive microbial agents of pneumonia
- viral
- bacterial
- fungal
- protozoal
Which microbial pneumonia is more common in children 2-3 yrs old

viral
Which microbial pneumonia is more common as a complication of influenza or the common cold

bacterial
Which microbial pneumonia is more common in school aged children

mycoplasma pneumonia
What are the 3 location types of pneumonia
- bronchopneumonia(involves alevoil)
- lobular pneumonia- part of a lung lobe
- lobar pneumonia- entire lung lobe
What causes primary pneumonia

inhalation of the pathogen
What causes secondary pneumonia
- lung damage from noxious chemical
- bloodborne infection
- aspiration pneumonia(aspirating foreign matter)
What is the causitive agent of lobar pneumonia
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- aka pneumococcus
Describe Streptococcus pneumoniae
- gram-positive
- diplococci, small chains
- polysaccharide capsule
- 90 serological different types
describe the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae

capsule prevents/delays phaygocytosis
What is the pathophysiology of lobar pneumonia
- S. pneumoniae colonizes in nasopharynx
- 1st stage= congestion of alveolar wall
- eventually consolidation in lungs
Describe the onset of lobar pneumonia

sudden and acute
What are the signs of lobar pneumonia
- high fever
- rusty sputum
- rales leading to consolidation
What is the treatment for lobar pneumonia

antibiotics
How can you prevent lobar pneumonia

23-valent pneumococcal vaccine
describe the distribution of bronchopneumonia
- scattered
- more than 1 lobe
- often lower lobes
what is the causitive agent of bronchopneumonia
- multiple bacteria
- result of drainage from URT into lungs
which pneumonia is a hazard to immobilized patients

bronchopneumonia
What is the pathophysiology of bronchopneumonia
- inflammation & purulent exudate in alveoli
- often arising from pooled secreations or irritation
Describe the onset of bronchopneumonia

insidious
What are the signs of bronchopneumonia
- mild fever
- yellow-green sputum
- Dyspena
What is the treatment for bronchopneumonia

antibacterial dependant on causitive bacteria
pnuemonia with patchy inflammatory changes in lungs, confined to alveolar septa and pulmonary interstitium

interstitial pnuemonia/primary atypical/PAP/walking pnuemonia
What is the causitive agent in interstitial pnuemonia

influenza A or B virus or mycoplasma pnuemoniae(most common)
describe mycoplasma pnuemoniae
- small
- pleomorphic
- no cell wall= no gram stain
- not highly contagious
- droplets transmitt
What is the pathophysiology of PAP pnuemonia
- interstitial inflammation around alveoli
- necrosis of bronchial epithelium
describe the onset of interstitial pnuemonia

variable
what are the signs of PAP pnuemonia
- fever
- headache & muscle ache
- nonproductive hacking cough
what is the treatment for interstitial pnuemonia
- Viral= antiviral, support respiratory function
- Mycoplasma pnuemoniae= antibacterial meds like erythromycin or tetracycline
how is interstitial pnuemnia diagnoised
- chest x-ray
- sputum
- gram stain & C&S to identify causeitive agent
- WBC-leukocytosis=bacterial
- luekopenia or normal =viral
- blood cultures with bacterium
- ABG
- bronchoscopy to collect sputun
what are the complications with PAP
- hypoxemia
- respiratory failure
- bacterium
- lung abscess
- empyema
- plueral effusion
spread of infection into plueral cavity

empysa
excess fluid in the plueral cavity

plueral effusion
what is the prognosis for interstitial pnuemonia
- good for normal immune system
- bacterial=leading death cause for debilitated patients
- viral= poor due to cardiopulmonary collapse

Author

tville01

152718

Card Set

Chapter 19, Pneumonia

Description

Chapter 19, Pneumonia

Updated

2012-05-10T18:42:33Z

Show Answers