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hollyrt67
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________ is/are the language, beliefs, values, norms, and material objects of a group that are passed from one generation to the next.
Culture
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The practice of people forming a line while waiting to buy tickets instead of pushing people aside is an example of
nonmaterial culture.
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Jewelry, art, buildings, and machines are examples of
material culture.
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The tendency to use our own group's ways of doing things as a yardstick for judging others is
ethnocentrism.
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Trying to understand a culture on its own terms is known as
cultural relativism.
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Nonmaterial culture is sometimes referred to as
symbolic culture.
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Gestures are
useful shorthand ways of giving messages without using words.
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In language, each word is
universal.
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________ must be present if a group of people is to have a culture.
Language
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The gold medal placed around the first-place swimmer's neck at the Olympics is an example of a
positive sanction.
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Expectations or rules about behavior are known as
norms
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_______ are norms that are NOT strictly enforced.
Folkways
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A ________ society is made up of many different groups.
pluralistic
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________ are one example of a counterculture in America.
Survivalists
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Which core value in U.S. society underscored the American Revolution?
freedom
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Racism in America is an example of a(n)
value contradiction.
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American society contains
thousands of subcultures.
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What is the best example of an emerging value in America today?
an emphasis on leisure
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The emerging U.S. value cluster focused on leisure, self-fulfillment, and physical fitness has come about because
many Americans now retire at an age when they anticipate decades of life ahead of them.
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The glorification of academic progress in a culture where most people don't work as hard as they could in school is an example of
ideal culture.
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Real culture is
the norms and values that people actually follow.
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It is important for sociologists to study ________ because it sets the framework for a group's nonmaterial culture.
technology
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When not all parts of a culture change at the same pace, it is called
cultural lag.
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Cultural diffusion is the process by which
groups adopt technology or nonmaterial culture from other groups.
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Finding McDonald's restaurants in various countries with different cultures is an example of
cultural leveling.
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________ is another name for our social environment and contact with others.
Nurture
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share the exact same genetic heredity.
Identical twins
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In their research study, what did Skeels and Dye introduce to the children at the orphanage?
social interaction
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The phrase "Society makes us human" refers to
socialization
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Charles Horton Cooley coined the term "looking-glass self" to describe
how our sense of self develops from interaction with others.
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The development of a generalized other refers to one’s perception of how ________ think of us.
people in general
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According to Mead, the first way children learn to take the role of the other is through
imitation
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The team games stage of role taking occurs
after age 6 or 7.
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Taking the role of others is essential if we are to
become cooperative members of human groups.
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During the sensorimotor stage of development,
understanding is limited to direct contact
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________ was interested in how humans develop their abilities to reason.
Jean Piaget
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During the formal operational stage of reasoning, the child is
capable of abstract thinking.
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Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
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According to Freud, when the superego gets out of hand
people become overly rigid in following the norms of society.
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According to Freud, each child is born with a(n)
id.
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Sociologists maintain that both the mind and emotions depend on
socialization
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Our __________ are the first significant others who show us how to follow the gender map.
parents
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Neighborhood, religion, day care, school, and peers are
agents of socialization
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Lara Croft, the fictional, adventure-seeking archaeologist, is seen by some as
a new gender image.
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Religious ideas so pervade U.S. society that they provide the foundation of ________ for both the religious and nonreligious.
morality
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Resocialization is the process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors to match a person's
new situation in life.
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The concept of a life course has sociological significance because passing through different life stages affects a person's
behavior and attitudes.
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is a social invention, and was not recognized until the early 1900s.
Adolescence
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Transitional ____________is described as a time when young adults gradually ease into adult responsibilities.
adulthood
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A fundamental reorientation in thinking that takes place during the later middle years is
a shift from measuring one's time since birth to time left to live.
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