FMA 2001 Exam 2

Iris opening of a lens; usually measured in f-stops.

The ratio of the width of the television screen to
its height.

aspect ratio of standard tv (STV)

aspect ratio of HDTV

to preset a zoom lens to keep in focus thru out the zoom

portable camera with built-in VTR

image-sensing element that translates optical image into video signal; chip

object or prt of one seen at close range and framed tightly. can be extreme or loose

building intensified screen event from carefully selected and juxtaposed shots. does not need to adhere to continuity principles

graphic vectors extend each other; ndex and mltion vectors point and move in same direction

preserving visual continuity from shot to shot

index and motin vectors that point toward eachother

similar to OTS shot, except that camera-near person is copletely out of shot

shot of an object or event that is peripherally connected with the overall event and that is relatively static. commonly used to intercut btwn two shots in which screen direction reversed

area in which all objects, locatec at different distances from csmera, appear in focus. depends primarily on focal length of lens, f-stops, and distance from camera to object.

index and motion vectors point away from each other

highly portable, self-contained camera for electronic news gathering (ENG) or electronic field production

scale on lens indicating aperture. the larger the number, the smaller the aperture and vis versa

A lens that permits a relatively great amount of light to pass through at its largest aperture (lowest f-stop number). Can be used in low-light conditions.

The portion of a scene visible through a particular lens; its vista. Expressed in symbols, such as CU for close-up.

With the lens set at infinity, the distance from the iris to the plane where the picture is in focus. Normally measured in millimeters (mm) or inches.

The space between the top of the head and the upper screen edge.

Adjustable lens-opening mechanism. Also called lens diaphragm.

Frame-by-frame advancement of videotape, resulting in a jerking motion.

An image that jumps slightly from one screen position to another during a cut. Also, any gross visual discontinuity from shot to shot.

The space in front of a laterally moving object or person.

Object seen from far away or framed very loosely. The extreme long shot shows the object from a great distance. Also called establishing shot.

Object seen from a medium distance. Covers any framing between a long shot and a close-up.

Tells us where things are or are supposed to be onand off-screen.

The space in front of a person looking or pointing toward the edge of the screen.

Camera looks over the camera near person's shoulder (shoulder and back of head included in shot) at the other person.

Any production activity that occurs after the production. Usually refers to either video editing and/or audio sweetening.

Preparation of all production details

The actual activities in which an event is videotaped and/or televised

Mentally filling in missing visual information that will lead to a complete and stable configuration. Also called closure.

A lens that permits a relatively small amount of light to pass through (relatively high f-stop number at its largest aperture). Can be used only in well-lighted areas

A directional screen force that leads viewer's eye from point to point. There are graphic, index, and motion vectors

An imaginary line created by extending converging index vectors or the direction of a motion vector; established by two people facing each other or thru movement in a particular direction

A small video monitor on a camera that displays the picture the camera generates

Indicates screen depth. Extends from camera lens to horizon

To change the focal length of the lens through the use of a zoom control while the camera remains stationary

Variable-focal-length lens. All video cameras are equipped with

How much the focal length can be changed from a wide shot to a close-up during a zoom. The zoom range is stated as a ratio, such as 20:1. Also called zoom ratio

basic parts of camera

____ ____ has variable focal length

short focal length

long focal length

zoomed out

zoomed in

focal length decreases when

aperture based on

larger iris opening

small iris opening

larger f-stop #

auto iris can cause problems in

opening lens

makes subject in foreground very short and clear

entire z-axis is in focus

shrinks depth of field

use short focal length and small aperature and position object far from cam to acheive

shallow depth of field

shift focus from one object to another in continuous shot

need shallow depth of field and narrow angle lens position

everything in focus

exerts strong magnetic pull

creates stable calming image

creates unstable anxious image

what to include in image and what to leave out

need adequate head room and visual cures for closure in off screen space

positioning objects along z-axis creates

distance btwn objects increases

distance btwn objects compressed, god for crowd scenes

makes z-axis look expanded in shot

can be lateral along frame or "coming at you" along z-axis (more dynamic)

give subject lots of lead room

move camera toward or away from subject in straight line, viewer goes toward event

event moves toward viewer

moving camera laterally to follow subject

swiveling camera from side to side

point cam up/down

moves cam up and down on moving pedestal

10 Film History eras

control of light and shadow

precise beams, hard shadows (ex: headlights, flashlight)

generalized illumination, soft or transparent shadows

cannot be separated from object

bring out form and texture, due to directional lighting, must control focus of light source

produced when light hitting object throws shadow onto another object. seen independent of object

degree of change from light to shadow

light areas change abruptly into shadow areas, with great contrast

used for dark mood or emotion, hard to see details

indicates very gradual change from light to dark, with minimal contrast; hides wrinkles

occurs when the light intensity is uniform

amount of light that falls on an object; measured in foot candles or lux

1 foot candle (american)

foot candles X 10

overall light intensity

difference between the lightest and the darkest parts of an image; measured in terms of ratio

ideal contrast ratio for video

contrast ratio of sunny day

Measures incident and reflective light

relative reddishness or bluishness of white light

Measured in degrees Kelvin

5600 k, bluish color

3200 k, reddish color

need to balance what every time you shoot in a different lighting environment

converts 5600 to 3200

converts 3200 to 5600

for dominant light source

components of triangle lighting

triangle lighting standard for

Reveals the basic shape of the object

Outlines the subject against the background and gives the hair shine and sparkle, should match intensity of the key light

Illuminates shadow areas left by the key light; can be used to eliminate shadows

selecting certain details of an event and putting them in a certain order; can condense an event to its essence

the combine shorts into a proper sequence

way to monitor sound while in production

can continue, converge, or divurge

if _________ crossed, mental map upset

to hide jump cuts

cut where?

slight adjustments to edits