How do each of three tetrapod groups of amphibian move on land
salamenders walk side to side by bending their bodies
frogs: use their hind legs to hop
caecilians they are legless and can burrow
why do frogs lay eggs in water
the frogs eggs need moisture to prevent them from drying out.
what is the larval stage of frog called
tadpole
tadpoles have (gills/ lungs)
gills
frogs have(lungs/gills)
lungs
Frogs can be only aquactic or only terrrestrial(T/F)
True
Which frogs are called toads
Toads live on land theey do not live on water.
how do amphibians living in damp habitats breath
Frogs are amphibians. They can breathe using their lungs* on land, or absorb oxygen through their skins when underwater (this is called cutaneous respiration). Lacking diaphragm muscles, frogs on land may be said to "swallow" air : they inhale air through their nostrils, inflating skin sacs in their throats, then press down with the mouth muscles to force it into the lungs.
Amniotic
A thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus of a mammal, bird, or reptile. It is filled with a fluid in which the embryo is suspended.
amniotic egg
the embryo is within the amniotic sac which is filled with fliud
Reptiles-ex
lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds, and the extinct dinosaurs
which is the most diverse reptile
lizards
Name two other adaptations that reptiles have for living terrestrially.
reptiles have skin that is covered by scales that are water proofed.the tough keratin protein this keeps the body from drying out.
Also reptiles cannot breath through their dry skin , they have a rib cage that helps ventilate the lungs inorder to get oxygen through the lungs.
Why is ectothermic a more appropriate term then “cold blooded” for non-bird reptiles?
Reptiles cannot produce their own body heat even though they can regulate their own body temperature.So as they absorb their heat rather than generate their own ht they are called ectothermic
bearded australian outback is an ex of Eco or endothermic
ectothermic
how does bearded australian outback get its heat
in the morning it sits on a warm rock enjoying the sun. if it gets too hot it moves to a shaded spot.
Deinonychus are (amphibians/reptiles) who are (frogs/dinosaurs)
reptiles, dinosaurs
Which reptiles, living and extinct, are (or were) endothermic, and what does endothermic mean?
Deinonychus, other small dinosaurs and birds are endothermic. It uses heat to generated by metabolism to keep itself warm.
Briefly describe five features of birds that give them the ability to fly.
reduced wght, edothermic with high metabolism, efficient respiratory and circulatory system, good eyesight, and feathered wings that are shaped like air foils
Who has more efficient lungs(birds or mammals)
birds
2 lineages of amniotes
reptiles and mammals
3 main grps of living mammals
monotremes, eutharians, marsupials
placental mammals are called
Eutherians
marsupials arose from
eutharians
eutherians are
placental mammals.
mammalian hallmark features
hair and mammary glands
What is the function of the hair in mammals?
helps to insulate the body and warm body temperature
Which of these are the living example of a Monotreme mammal? (duck billed platypus, echidnas( spiny anteater), kangaroo, monkeys)
duck billed platypus, spiny anteater
which is the only group of egg laying mammals
monotremes
From where do the young ones emerge in the group of monotremes
eggs
Marsupials are egg laying, placental , pouched mammals ?
pouched mammals
What are the main reproductive characteristics of marsupials
marsupials are pouched mammals whose offspringsare embryonic. They will complete their development in the pouch while attached to the nipple.
what is the pouch in marsupials called
marsupium
Why are Marsupials so diverse in Australia?
After the continental drift all marsupials got concentrated in Australia. So they took over all the ecological niches in that continent and thus got diversified
How is a Eutherian different from a Marsupial, in terms of reproduction?
Eutherians are placental mammals. the young one completes its embryonic development in the uterus that is attached to the placenta.
ex of eutherians
zebra, rodents, elephants, rabbits, dogs, whales, bats, humans and cows.
what order do humans belong to
primates
lemurs, tarseirs, monkeys apes are
primates
we belong to the chimpanzee / ape/ monkey group?
ape
Which primates would be considered Anthropoids?
monkeys and apes
Which primates are considered Hominoids, (Apes)
humans
How many species of extinct hominids have we found fossils from?
500
740
1500
1200
