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DNA viruses
- Pardon PaPa As He Has Pox
- Parvovirus - ssDNA, B19
- Papilloma -
- Polymavirus
- Adenovirus
- Hepadnavirus - hep B
- Herpes - HSV, CMV, EBV, VZV
- Poxvirus - variola, vaccinia, mulluscum contagiosum
Smallest to largest, first four are naked.
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Picornaviruses
- PEECo RnA viruses
- Polio
- Entero
- Echo
- Coxsackie
- Rhino
- Hep A
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Positive sense RNA viruses
- Call Pico and Flo To Come Right away!
- Calcivirus - norwalk
- Hepevirus - hep E
- Picornavirus - PEECo RnA virus
- Flavivirus - yellow fever, dengue, west nile
- Togavirus - rubella
- Coronavirus - SARS
- Retrovirus - HIV, HTLV
Smallest to largest, first three are naked
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Negative sense RNA viruses
- Pain Results From Our Bunions Always! And pain is a negative thing!
- Paramyxovirus - mumps, measles, RSV, parainflu
- Rhabovirus - rabies, VSV
- Filovirus - ebola
- Orthomyxovirus - influ
- Bunyavirus - hantavirus
- Arenavirus -
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Needs Cysteine to grow
- The four sisters, "ELLA", worship in the Cysteine chapel.
- Francisella
- Legionella
- Brucella
- Pasturella
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Bugs with capsules
- Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules
- Strep. pneumo
- Kleb pneumo
- H. influ
- P. aeruginosa
- Neiseria meningitidis
- Crytococcus neoformans
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Bugs with urease
- These bugs will PUNCH your kidneys
- Proteus
- Ureaplasma
- Nocardia
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Heliobacter
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Catalase (+) bugs
- Give catalase bugs some SPACE!
- Staph
- P. aeruginosa
- Aspergillus
- Candida
- Enterobacteriaceae
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Side effects of atropine!
- HOT as a hare
- BLIND as a bat
- DRY as a bone
- RED as a beet
- MAD as a hatter
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Effects of cytokines
- Hot T-bone stEAk
- IL1: fever
- IL2: stimulates Tcells
- IL3: stimulates bone marrow
- IL4: Stimulates IgE (and IgG)
- IL5: Stimulates IgA (and esosinophils)
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What are the essential amino acids?
- TIM HALL has PVT
- Tryp, Isoleu, Met, His, Arg, Leu, Lys, Phe, Val, Thre
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Killed virus vaccines
- RIP - hep A
- Rabies
- Influenza
- Polio (Salk)
- Hep A
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Live viral vaccines
- LIVE! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with MMR by Sabin!!
- Small
pox- Yellow
fever- Varicella
zoster- M
easles- M
umps- Rubella
- Polio (Sabin)
- and
- Rotavirus
- Adenovirus
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X-linked immunideficiencies
- No immune system, What A BitCH
- Wiskott-Aldrich: defect in cytoskeleton glycoprotein > depressed IgM
- Bruton's agammaglobinulinemia: boys after 6mo old, no B-cells
- Chronic Granulomatous Dz: defect in NADPH oxidase
- HyperIgM syndrome: deficiency in CD40L > hi IgM, no other isotypes
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WAiter
- WA: Wisckott-Aldrich
- I: immunodeficiency
- T: thrombocytopenia
- E: eczema
- R: recurrent pyogenic infections
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Tetracycline use
- VACUM THe BedRoom
- Vibrio
- Acne
- Chlamydia
- Ureaplasma
- Mycoplasma
- Tularemia
- H. pylori
- Brucella/Borrelia burgdorferi
- Rickettsia
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Which abx work at 30S vs 50S?
- Buy AT 30: aminoglycosides, tertracyclines
- CELL at 50: clindamycin/chloramphenicol, erythro (and other macrolides), lingomycin, linezolid
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Drugs with photosensitivity rxns
- No sun on SATurday
- Sulfonamides
- Amiodarone
- Tetracyclines
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What bugs are targeted by macrolides?
- PUS
- P: (atypical) pneumonia bugs - mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella
- U: URI bugs - strep. pneumo and strep. pyogenes
- S: STI - chlamydia and gonorrhea
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Uses of metronidazole
- GET GAP on the Metro
- Giardia
- Entameboa
- Trichomonas
- Gardinella vaginalis
- Anearobes
- H. Pylori
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Sx of pellagra
- Three D's
- Dementia
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
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Three or more of these sx are need to make a diagnosis of a manic or hypomanic (not debilitating) episode
- DIG FAST!
- D
istractability- I
rresponsibility - Grandiosity
- Flight of ideas
- Agitation (psychomotor)
- Sleep need decreased
- Talkative
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HACEK organisms
- Subacute endocarditis
- G (-), normal flora of oropharynx, anaerobic.
- Tx with ampillicin
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Which bacteria grow pink on MacConkey's agar (lactose fermentor)
- Lactose is key test with MacConKEE'S agar.
- Citrobacter
- Klebsiella
- E. coli
- Enterobacter
- Serratia
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VDRL false positives
- Viruses (mono and hep)
- Drugs
- Rheumatic fever
- Lupus and leprosy
-
What does histoplasma look like?
Histo Hides in macrophages
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What does Blastomyces look like?
Broad-Based-Buds!
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What does coccidioidomycosis look like?
Coccidio crowds (spherule filled with endospores)
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What does paracoccidioidmycosis look like?
Where can you get it?
Paracoccioidio sails with captain's wheel to Latin America.
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Which worms are ingested, which go through skin?
- You'll get sick if you EAT these.
- Enterobius
- Ascaris
- Trichinella
- These get into your feet through the SANd
- Strongyloides
- Ancylostoma
- Necator
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Which viruses are nonenveloped?
- Naked CPR and PAPP smear.
- Calcivirus, Picona, Reo, Parvo, Adeno, Papilloma, Polyoma
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DNA viruses
- DNA viruses are HHAPPPy!
- Hepadena, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma
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Segmented DNA viruses
- Important because they can undergo assortment.
- Segmented DNA is not BOARing.
- Bunyaviruses, Orthomyoxvirues (influenza), Arenaviruses, Reoviruses (rota)
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TORCH'S infections
- Toxo
- Other: Liseria
- Rubella
- CMV
- HIV/HSV
- Syphilis
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Kallman syndrome sx
- Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: genetic disorder of hypothal
- A
nosia - Blindness to
- Color
- Delayed puberty
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Causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
- ABC's D
- Chronic Alcohol
- Wet Beri-beri
- Cocaine, Chaga's, Coxsackie
- Doxorubicin
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Rhematic heart dz sx
- FEVERSS
- Fever
- Erythema marginatum
- Valvular damage
- ESR increased
- Red-hot joints
- Subcutaneous nodules (Aschoff bodies = granulomas)
- St. Vitus dance
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Causes of increased anion gap acidosis
- MUDPILES
- M
ethanol - Uremia
- Diabetes
- Paraldehyde or Phenformin
- Iron
- Lactic acid
- Ehtylene glycol (yummy!)
- Salicylates
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Sx of 22q11 deletion
- CATCH-22
- Symptoms of 22q11 deletion syndromes:
- C -
Cleft palate- A -
Abnormal facies- T -
Thymic aplasia --> T cell deficiency- C -
Cardiac defects- H -
Hypocalcemia - 2'ary to parathyroid aplasia
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Epidermins layers (surface to base)
- Californians Like Girls in String Bikinis
- Stratum: Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basalis
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Muscles innervated by radial nerve
- BEST
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor of wrist and fingers
- Supinator
- Triceps
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Tissues that have insulin-independent glucose uptake
- BRICK L
- Brain, RBCs, Intestine, Cornea, Kidney, Liver.
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Effects of Cortisol
- Cortisol is BBIGMaintains Blood pressureDecreases Bone formationDecrease Immune function
- Increase Gluconeogenesis (and other anabolic pathways)
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Function of Thyroid hormone (T3)
- 4 B's
- Brain maturation
- Bone growth
- Beta-adrenergic effects
- BMR increased
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Rule of 10s
- Pheochromocytoma
- 10% malignant
- 10% bilateral
- 10% extra-adrenal
- 10% calcify
- 10% kids
- 10% familial
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Sx of hyperCa
- Stones, bones and groans.
- Renal stones, increased bone formation, weakness, constipation
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Rule of 1/3's
- Carcinoid syndrome
- 1/3 metastasize
- 1/3 present with 2nd malignancy
- 1/3 multiple
- Most commmon tumor of appendix.
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MEN
- MEN 1, Wermer's: PPP
- Parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas
- MEN 2a, Sipple's: PPM
- Parathyroid, pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid
- MEN 2b: PMG
- Pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid, ganglioneuromas
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Femoral triangle lateral to medial
- NAVEL
- Nerve, artery, vein, (empty), lymphatic
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The five 2's
- Meckel's diverticulum
- 2 in long
- 2 feet from ileocecal valve
- 2% of population
- Presents first 2 years of life
- 2 types of epithelia
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Causes of acute pancreatitis
- GET SMASHED
- G
allstones, EtOH, Trauma, Steroids, Mumps, Autoimmune dz, Scorpion sting, HyperCa/Hyperlipidemia, ERCP, Drugs (sulfa)
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Rotator cuff muscles
- SItS
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
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Reiter's syndrome
- Can't pee, can't see, can't climb a treeUrethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
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Sarcoidosis
- GRAIN
- Gammaglobulinemia
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- ACE increase
- Interstitial fibriosis
- Noncaseating granulomas
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COWS
- Cold water, quick phase to Opposite side
- Warm water, quick phase to Same side
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Drugs with SE of gynecomastia
- Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers.
- Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, Alcohol, Ketoconazole.
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Bacteriostatics
- We're ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics!
- Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol
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Bacteriocidal
- Very Finely Proficient At Cell Murder
- Vancomycin, Fluoroquinolones, Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Metronidazole
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Drugs that can cause gyneocomastia
- Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
- Spironolactone
- Digitalis
- Cimetidine
- Alcohol
- Ketoconazole
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