-
large organizations responsible for education national defence or transportation
departments
-
narrow responsibilities for a specific policy issue
independent agencies
-
not under the contril of the president or a department
independent regulatory commission
-
focused policy mission
run by a body of officials
-
government corporations
are fun like private corporations
-
Fed handle specific functions
- postal system
- congress believes they wouldnt be handled effectivley by private buisness due to the scope and profitablity
-
title of secretary
presidents cabniet consist of the heads of the executive deoartment
-
attorney general
head of the department of justice
-
cabinet
- grown to include 15 departments as
- well as administrators of three agencies within the executive office of the
- president.
-
Bureaucracy are created and evolve as ....
- ·
- a mean to undertake the purposes and
- responsibilities of organizations.
-
-
competent personnel, job responsibilities under central authority, and detailed
records
-
Standardization
- centralized administration, common set of rules,
- benefits, and services
-
Expertise:
people develop expertise
-
Accountability:
congress can authorize a specific budget
-
-
hierarchy enables the leaders in each agency to
direct subordinate to work.
-
Spoils
system:
- A century ago government employees were hired and fired on the basis of their
- support for particular political parties and candidates for elective office
-
Political
parties rewarded their supports by
- giving
- them government jobs
-
spoils system gave who jobs....
- gave
- unqualified people government jobs despite lacking knowledge and interest to
- carry out their tast properly
-
Officials
spent too much time doing ...
- things
- that would help keep their party in power and themselves in their jobs.
-
Pendleton
act
creating the first federal civil service system
-
Iron
triangle
- three entites sharing joint interests concerning specific policy goals
- 1.
- Interest groups
-
Issue networks/ policy communities
- involve large numbers of interested parties each with substantial expertise in the
- policy area.
-
during nations first century
- the
- federal government was involved in only a limited range of policy areas.
-
policy matters
- ·
- They focused on policy matters related to
- specific powers granted by the constitution to congress and the president
-
the four departments
- department of state,
- war,
- justice,
- treasury.
-
nations most important indestry in the 19 century
-
Industrialization,
urbanization, and immigration
- resulted in people moving to the cities to
- work in factories and service occupations.
-
the
20th century, congress created the .....
- department
- of commerce and the department of labor to address these emerging issues.
-
Roosevelt
believed
- federal
- govermnet had to take an active role in the economy in order to overcome the
- depression so he developed the New Deal.
-
social
security
- provide
- income for senior citizens and dependents for deceased workers.
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