Intro to Medical Science

Which of the following does not control cell growth?
a. growth inhibitors
b. cell cycle proteins
c. mutation
d. apoptosis

____________ are (is) responsible for repairing errors in DNA replication.
a. oncogenes
b. tumor suppressor gene
c. DNA repair genes
d. apoptosis

___________ is (are) the major cause of lung cancer worldwide.
a. tobacco use
b. industrial chemicals
c. radiation
d. chronic infections

Inherited mutations, including familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolypois, are nonmodifiable risk factors for _______________ cancer.
a. lung
b. liver
c. stomach
d. colorectal

Molecular and epidemiological studies linked the human papilloma virus to ____________.
a. breast
b. cervical
c. uterine
d. ovarian

The most important risk factor for the development of prostate cancer is ________________.
a. diet high in saturated fat
b. age (greater than 65 years old)
c. hormones
d. hypertrophy of the prostate

Malignant tumors in the testes originate from _________.
a. seminoma
b. epithelial
c. squamous
d. germ cells

The most important risk factor for bladder cancer is ____________.
a. human papillomavirus
b. infection
c. cigarette smoking
d. exposure to environmental chemicals

Hodgkin’s disease is distinguished from non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by the presence of _____________.
a. squamous
b. Reed-Sternberg
c. epithelial
d. lymphoid

Leukemia is diagnosed __________ times m ore often in children than in adults.
a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 10

Which is the most common tumor among females?
a. ovarian cysts
b. breast cancer
c. uterine fibroids
d. cervical cancer

Syphilis is caused by _________.
a. human papillomavirus
b. herpes virus
c. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. Treponema pallidum

Which statement is FALSE about syphilis?
a. Primary syphilis chancres heal after a few weeks
b. A fetus can be infected and born with major physical and mental abnormalities
c. Syphilis is only transmitted by sexual contact
d. Secondary syphilis is characterized by a nonitching rash

Which disease can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease?
a. Chlamydia
b. cystitis
c. prostatitis
d. herpes

Excessive or prolonged bleeding during menstruation is known as _____________.
a. dysmenorrhea
b. amenorrhea
c. metrorrhagia
d. menorrhagia

Protrusion of the rectum into the posterior aspect of the vagina is known as ____________.
a. uterine prolapsed
b. cystocele
c. rectocele
d. sepsis

Painful or difficult menses is ______________.
a. amenorrhea
b. dysmenorrhea
c. menorrhea
d. metrorrhagia

Failure of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity is _____________.
a. orchitis
b. prostatitis
c. cryptorchidism
d. epididymitis

Fingerlike projections at the outer ends of the fallopian tubes are known as ________________.
a. hymen
b. fimbriae
c. Graafian follicles
d. Bartholin’s glands

Laboratory diagnosis of pregnancy is based on the presence of what hormone?
a. progesterone
b. estrogen
c. human chorionic gonadotropin hormone
d. luteinizing hormone