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When should you wear safety goggles in a laboratory?
Dealing with glass, fire, chemicals
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What should you do if you find a broken test tube while doing an experiment?
Tell the teacher
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What science equipment is used to measure the mass of an object?
balance
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What piece of equipment would be most appropriate to observe and illustrate the parts of a cell?
microscope
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What are the two organelles found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall and chloroplast
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In which plant cell organelle can you find photosynthesis?
chloroplast
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What are known as the building blocks of all living things?
Cells
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Why is a whale so much larger than a shrew?
genetics
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Which organelle is known as the “power house” of the cell?
mitochondria
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What is the order of the levels of organization of an organism from simplest to most complex?
__cells__ [][]__tissues___ __organ__ __organ systems__ ___organism__
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Our heart is an example of a(n)
organ
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What is the function of the muscular system?
Allow movement
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Which part of the bone are blood cells produced?
marrow
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What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
Support body, give shape, protection, make minerals and blood cells
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Explain what a joint in our body does.
2 or more bones meet, movement
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What is work? Give an example of work being done.
Force is ised to move an object
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The process by which the body obtains and uses oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide is called
respiration
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What do your bicep muscles and the bones in your arms allow you to do?
lift
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What happens to the lungs when the diaphragm contracts? What does inflate and deflate mean?
Inhale and exhale air
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After exercising a person’s breathing rate increases. This is an example of our body maintaining
steady heart beat
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Which two systems work together to provide oxygen to cells of the body?
Respiratory and circulatory
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Name the organs of the circulatory system.
Heart, vein, artery
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What is an arteries function in the circulatory system?
Carry away blood from the heart
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What are the four parts of blood, and what are their functions?
Red, white, platelets, plasma
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List the four types of blood.
Red, white, platelets, plasma
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Name the 3 layers of the skin.
Epidermis, dermis, melanin
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What is the largest organ of our body?
skin
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What are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?
Protection, sensory response, formation of vitamin D, regulate body temperature, rid body of waste
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List in order, the organs of the digestive tract (the organs that food touches):
__mouth__ __esophagus_ __stomach_ _small intestine_ __large intestine__
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Which 3 organs in the digestion system are responsible for storing or producing chemicals that break down our food?
Pancreas, gall bladder, liver
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Chemical Digestion –
chemical reactions break down large molecules of food
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Mechanical Digestion –
food is chewed, mixed, and turned
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What is chyme?
The pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.
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Where does chemical and mechanical digestion begin?
mouth
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Chewing and mixing of food take place in the mouth and stomach. This is a form of
mechanical digestion
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What is the main function of the digestion system?
Breaks down molecules to be absorbed and moved into the blood
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What body system is responsible for sending adrenaline throughout the body in a fight or flight emergency situation?
nervous system
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Which systems' function is to continue life on Earth?
reproductive system
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Which system includes the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves?
nervous system
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The nervous system plays the most important role in
control of the body
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What is the main function of the excretory system?
Removes waste through urine
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What are the 4 organ systems that work together as part of the excretory system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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If there is too much water in the blood, a hormone is released to signal the kidneys to return less water to the blood and increase the amount of wastewater called
nephrons
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a filtration system made up of nephrons that help purify blood, in order for it to be returned to the circulatory system
kidneys
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Control systems of the body
Nervous and Endocrine System
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2 examples of chemical energy
food and Fossil Fuels (Charcoal)
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2 Examples of Thermal energy
heat from body, fire
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2 Examples of kinetic energy
anything moving
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2 examples of light energy
flashlight
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2 examples of sound energy
music box
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2 examples of radiant energy
comes from the sun
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We get most of our energy from the ______ in comes in the form of________.
sun, radiant energy.
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Describe the process of photosynthesis. (Where, What, How)
- Where: Occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell
- What: Radiant energy + CO2 + H2O Chemical energy (Glucose)
- How: Sun shines, chloroplast changes sunlight into stored energy (food)
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What type of energy do we get from food?
chemical
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Define force-
push or pull
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Define work-
force over a given distance work = force x distance
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Define Chemical Change-
-Change in which a new substance is formed
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Define Physical Change-
change in which no new substance is formed
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Function of Esophugus-
Takes food from mouth to stomach
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Function of kidneys-
filters waste out of blood stream
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Function of Small intestine-
where vitamins/ food get out of the digestive system into circulatory system
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Function of Alveoli-
Small sacs through which carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged
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Function and Structure of the nervous system:
- Function- Responding to changes in the environment
- Structures- brain, spinal cord, neurons
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Function and structure of the muscualr system
- Function- provide force to move body
- Structures-muscles
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Function and structure of the endocrine system
Function- to coordinate and regulate the body systemsStructures- glands
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Function and structure of the skelatal system
Function- shape and support, protect internal organs, attach to major muscles, form blood cells, store calcium and phosphorusStructures- bones
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Function and structure of the respitory system
- Function- provides oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide
- Structure- nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
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Function and structure of the circulatory system
- Function- Moves materials around the body
- Structures-heart, veins, arteries
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Function and structure of the integumentatry system
- Function- Protects organs, keeps in water, excretes waste, helps provide vitamin D
- Structures- Skin, hair, nails
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Function and structure of the digestive system
- Function- breaks down food for cells
- Structures- mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
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Function and structure of the excretory system
- Function- gets rid of waste
- Structures- kidneys, bladder, ureters, urethra
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Function and structure of the reproductive system
- Function- Creates new organism
- Structures- female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus
- Male: testes, urethra
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Name the outside layer of the skin.
Epidermis
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List the five senses.
Sight, sound, smell, touch, taste
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Each of your five senses give you the ability to perceive certain stimuli. For instance, hearing is your ability to perceive or pick up_______energy. Eyes pick up________energy. Taste buds pick up chemical stimuli.
sound, light
-
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male organ for urination and reproduction.
urethra
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_____________________ produces sperm. The process that continues life is called _________________________. ______________________ produces eggs.
testes, fertilization, ovaaries
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The atmosphere is made of ____________________________ (the largest part), __________________ and other gases.
nitrogen, oxygen
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Skeletal muscles always work in _________________________
pairs
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What two systems remove waste?
Respiratory and excretory
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Define Heredity and Give an example:
the passing of genitic traits, getting brown eyes from your mom
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. What is DNA? Where is it found?
Hereditary is information that codes for traits. It is found in the nucleus of all cells and makes up chromosomes
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. Name two factors that can help determine our characteristics (traits).
Genes (DNA) and environment
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Green skin is a recessive trait in a certain species of lizard. If two green lizards mate, what percentage of their offspring will be green?
If an organism has a recessive trait they can only have recessive genes and can only pass along the recessive trait so… 100%
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Define Genotype:
The 2 genes an organism has, ex: Rr
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Define Phenotype:
The physical traits an organism has, ex: red hair
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Genetics is the study of:
heredity
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Describe the following types of adaptations. Give two examples of each.
A.Structural
B. Behavorial
C.Physiological
A. Physical trait ex. hollow bones, large ears
B. how the animal acts in the environment
C. how it maintains homeostasis in the body ex. storage of food in a bulb, regulation of glucose
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What is the difference between selective breeding and natural selection?
Selective breeding is when people mate organisms with a specific trait. Natural selection occurs when organisms with certain traits survive and reproduce at a high rate.
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Define asexual reproduction:
reproduction with only one parent
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Define sexual reproduction
reproduction with two parents
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define dominant trait
trait that is common
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define reccesive trait
trait that is uncommon
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define Homozygous:
having two identical genes: having two identical genes at the corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes
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Define heterozygous:
having genetic variants: describes a cell or organism that has two or more different versions alleles of at least one of its genes.
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Describe this in one word:
A. Water enters the plant through the roots
B. Chlorophyll is located in the chloroplast of the tree leaves.
C. Water vapor exits through the stoma.
D. Sunlight or radiant energy enters the plant
E. Carbon dioxide leaves the animals and is enters the plant through the stoma
F. Glucose or chemical energy is produced by photosynthesis and stored in the plant.
G. Oxygen leaves the plant through the stoma and is used by the animal
photosynthesis
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Tropism is the plants reactions to stimuli to the growth of the plant. List all three types and tell what they are reacting to
A. Phototropism: lightB. Geotropism: GravityC. Hydrotropism: Water
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Define each of the following and give an example of each.
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Group of rabbits; group of rabbits, blue bird, deer; group of rabbits, blubird, deer dirt.
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List at least three items that are considered abiotic parts of an ecosystem
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Where do hurricanes form?
over the ocean
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What is nature’s most out of control storm?
hurricane
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What is the highest category for a hurricane?
5
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Flash floods occur when there is extremely heavy ___ over a short length of time.
rain
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Runoff loosens the _____ and mud flows into river valleys.
soil
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What is a tsunami?
A 20 meter high wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor.
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What would the impact be for humans if a hurricane hit a highly populated area?
Many deaths and a lot of damage
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What is magma called when it flows onto Earth’s surface?
lava
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What is equilibrium?
When everything is in balance
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Give 3 examples of primary succession.
Glacier melting exposing rock, island forming after volcanic eruption,Lava from a volcano forming new crust
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Give 3 examples of secondary succession.
Farming, logging, mining
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In an ecosystem, what is equilibrium?
When the numbers and species of organisms in it do not change suddenly
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In secondary succession, what are the pioneer species?
Seeds of plants that were already present
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In primary succession, what are the pioneer species?
lichens and mosses
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