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The flashcards below were created by user
jaredseehawer
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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With insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity in target tissues (increase/decrease) and serum insulin levels (increase/decrease).
Insulin sensitivity in target tissues decreases and serum insulin levels become elevated.
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What 2 ways is insulin resistance demonstrated?
Decrease in number of insulin receptors
Binding of insulin to receptor doesn't result in GLUT
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What are soome results of insulin resistance?
Insulin doesn't result in uptake of glucose
More persistant high blood sugar
Prolonges stimulation of beta cells
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____% of type II diabetics are obese.
80%
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What's the deference in insulin levels in diabetic and nondiabetic fat people?
Nondiabetic and diabetic fat people both exhibit insulin resistance.
Nondiabetic fatties have hyperinsulinemia.
Diabetic fatties have relative hypoinsulinemia.
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A _____ factor is definitely involved in the pathogenesis of Type II diabetes mellitus.
Genetic
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Insulin resistance in frequently associated with ____ and stresses the ____ cells.
Obesity
Beta cells
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Type II diabetes mellitus is a complex, _______ disorder.
Multifactorial
Involving imparied insulin release and insulin resistance
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What are the 2 common problems associtaed with hyperglycemia?
Nonenzymatic glycosylation
Intracellular hyperglycemia (disturbances in cells that don't require insulin)
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What are the insulin independent cell types?
Neurons
Lens
RBCs
Kidney
Gut lining
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What are the cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes?
Atherosclerotic lesions (CAD, cerebrovascular accidents)
Microangiopathy
Diabetics have increased incidence of HTN
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What are the different renal complications with diabetes?
Glomeruloscerlosis
Microangiopathy: diffuse thickening in basement membrane of vessel
Pyelonephritis
UTI
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_____ is the leading cause of blindness in the USA?
Diabetes
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What are complications involving the eyes with diabetes?
Retinopathy
Glaucoma: obstruction of aqueous outflow
Cataracts: deposits of sugar in lens
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What are the different complications of the nervous system with diabetes?
Microangiopathy
Stroke (atherosclerosis of cerebral a.)
Peripheral neuropathy
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What are the 4 common clinical features of diabetes?
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Predisposition to infection
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What protects the CNS?
Skull and vertebrae
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What seperates the CNS?
Blood-Brain Barrier
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What surrounds the CNS?
CSF
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What are common signs and symptoms of neurologic disorders?
Headache
Cerebral edema
Increase intracranial pressure + herniation
Hydrocephalus
Decrease level of consciousness
Seizure
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What are the 3 types of primary headaches?
Migraine
Tension
Cluster
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What's a secondary headache?
A headache that is accociated with an identifiable underlying cause
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Who are migrain headaches most common in?
Women between 20 and 45
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Describe the pathogenesis of migraines
Vessels contrict and then dilate (can be caused by caffeine)
Secreased seratonin is a factor
Can be triggered by foods in some people
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What are the clinical signs of migrains?
Severe, throbbing headache
Nausea
Sensitivity to light
Unilateral
Preceded by aura (visual blurring and stuff)
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What is a tension headache?
Associated with pericranial m. spasm which leads to decreased flow and m. ischemia
Episodic, non-pulsating, bilateral, not aggravated by activity
Stress management, OTC drugs
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