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A mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or gas.
Suspension
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A mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspensions and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas.
Colloid
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Any mixture of two or more immiscible liquids in which one liquid is dispersed in the other.
Emulsion
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a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase.
Solution
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The substance that dissolves in the solvent.
Solute
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The substance in which the solute dissolves.
Solvent
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A molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrons.
Polar Compound
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The intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule.
Hydrogen Bond
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The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure; expressed in terms of the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
Solubility
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Capable of dissolving in a particular solvent.
Soluble
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Not able to dissolve in a solvent.
Insoluble
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A solution that is able to dissolve additional solute.
Unsaturated
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A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions.
Saturated
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A solution that holds more solute than normal, when the solution is heated.
Supersaturated
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A object's change in position relative to a reference point.
Motion
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The change in position of an object.
Displacement
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The distance traveled by an object divided by the time interval during which the motion occured.
Speed
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The speed of an object in a particular direction.
Velocity
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The rate at which velocity changes over time; It happens with the change of speed, direction, or both.
Acceleration
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An action exerted on a body in order to change the body's state of rest or motion; force has magnitude and direction.
Force
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A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.
Friction
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The force that resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest.
Static Friction
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The force that opposes the movement of two surfaces that are in contact and are sliding over each other.
Kinetic Friction
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The tendency of an object to resist being moved or, if the object is moving, to resist a change in speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object.
Inertia
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A object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion maintains its velocity unless it experiences an unbalanced force.
Newton's First Law of Motion
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The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object's mass times its acceleration.
Newton's Second Law of Motion
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For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Newton's Third Law of Motion
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A quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
Momentum
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The motion of a body when only the force of gravity is acting on the body.
Free Fall
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The constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force of gravity.
Terminal Velocity
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The curved path that an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise projected near the surface of Earth; the motion of object's that are moving in two dimensions under the influence of gravity.
Projectile Motion
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The quantity of energy transferred by a force when it is applied to a body and causes that body to move in the direction of the force.
Work
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A quantity that measures the rate at which work is done.
Power
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A quantity that measures how much a machine multiples force or distance.
Mechanical Advantage
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One of the six basic types of machines of which all other machines are composed.
Simple Machines
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A machine made of more than one simple machine.
Compound Machines
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The stored energy resulting from teh relative positions of objects in a system.
Potential Energy
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The energy of a moving object due to its motion.
Kinetic Energy
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The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of large scale objects in a system.
Mechanical Energy
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A quantity, usually expressed as a percentage, that measures the ratio of useful work output to work input.
Efficiency
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A periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid, or gas as energy is transmitted through a medium.
Waves
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A physical environment in which phenomena occur.
Medium
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A wave that requires a medium through which to travel.
Mechanical Wave
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A wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, which radiate outward at the speed of light.
Electromagnetic Wave
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A wave in which the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling.
Transverse Wave
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A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave motion.
Longitudinal Wave
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The bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that it does not go through.
Reflection
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A change in the direction of a wave when the wave finds an obstacle or an edge, such as an opening.
Diffraction
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The bending of a light ray as it passes from one substance to another one with a different density.
Refraction
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The combination of two or more waves of the same frequency that results in a single wave.
Interference
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A superposition of two or more waves that produces a greater intensity than the sum of the intensities of the individual waves.
Constructive Interference
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A superposition of two or more waves whose intensity is less than the sum of the intensities of the individual waves.
Destructive Interference
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A pattern of vibration that simulates a wave that is standing still.
Standing Wave
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A longitudinal wave that is caused by vibrations and that travels through a material medium.
Sound Wave
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A measure of how high or low a sound is perceived to be depending on the frequency of the sound wave.
Pitch
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Slow vibrations of frequencies lower than 20 Hz.
Infrasound
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Any sound wave with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz.
Ultrasound
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A phenomenon that occurs when 2 objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency.
Resonance
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Sound navigation and ranging, a system that uses acoustic signals to determine the location of objects or to communicate.
Sonar
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A unit or quantum of light; a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum of energy.
Photon
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All of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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A solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals.
Alloy
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A compound whose electrons are equally distributed amoung its atoms.
Nonpolar Compound
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The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore.
Concentration
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A mixture with uniform structure throughout.
Homogenous Mixture
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A mixture composed of dissimilar components.
Heterogeneous Mixture
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The extent or amount of space between two things.
Distance
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Material that absorbs and reflects light.
Pigment
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Light of electomagnetic spectrum that humans see.
Visible Light
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