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inferior trunk (C8, T1) lesion
- cervical rib compression of subclavian artery/inferior trunk
- thoracic outlet syndrome
- atrophy of thenar and hypothenar eminences
- atropy of interosseous muscles
- sensory deficits of medial side of forearm/hand
- disappearance of radial pulse upon moving head toward ipsilateral side
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upper trunk (C5 & C6 roots) lesion
- Erb-Duchenne palsy
- "waiter's tip"
- limb hangs by side - paralysis of abductors
- medially rotated - paralysis of lateral rotators
- forearm is pronated - loss of biceps
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median claw
- distal median nerve lesion
- loss of lateral lumbrical function
- 2nd/3rd digits clawed (can't extend)
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ulnar claw
- distal ulnar nerve lesion
- loss of medial lumbrical function
- 4th/5th digits are clawed (can't extend)
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ape hand
- proximal median nerve lesion
- loss of opponens pollicis muscle function
- unopposable tumb (can't abduct thumb)
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klumpke's total claw
- lesion of lower trunck (C8,T1)
- loss of function of all lumbricals
- clawing of all digits
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fracture of surgical neck of humerus
axillary nerve
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dislocation of humerus
axillary nerve
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intramuscluar injections
can cause axillary nerve lesion (innervates deltoids)
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midshaft fracture of humerus
radial nerve in spiral groove
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compressed in axilla
incorrect use of a crutch
radial nerve
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stretched by subluxation of radius
radial nerve - deep branch
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supracondylar fracture of humerus
median nerve compression
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pronator teres syndrome
median nerve
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fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus
- ulnar nerve
- also lesioned by repeat minor trauma
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carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve
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dislocated lunate
median nerve
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fracture of hook of hamate
ulnar nerve
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nerve compression by pancoast tumor of lung
- lower trunk of brachila plexus (C8, T1)
- leads to Klumpke's palsy
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C7 root compression
cervical disk lesion
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radial nerve lesion - motor deficit
- "BEST extensors"
- Brachioradials
- Extensors of wrist/fingers
- Supinators
- Triceps
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wrist drop
radial nerve lesion
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musculocutaneous nerve lesion
difficulty flexing elbow
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winged scapula
- long thoracic nerve lesion (C5-C7)
- used for abduction above horizontal
- mastectomy = winged scapula and lymphedema
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thenar eminence
- opponens pollicis
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- "OAF - Oppose, abduct, flex"
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hypothenar eminence
- opponens digiti minimi
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi
- "OAF - oppose, abduct, flex"
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"DAB"
- Dorsal interosseous muscles
- ABduct fingers
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palmar interosseous muscles
- "PAD"
- Palmars ADduct fingers
-
lumbrical muscles
- flex at MCP joint
- extend at PIP, DIP joint
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unable to wipe bottom
thoracodorsal nerve - latissimus dorsi muscle
- humerous extension
- adduction
- medial rotation
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loss of forearm pronation
median nerve lesion
-
trouble initiating arm abduction
- supraspinatus muscle
- suprascapular nerve
-
unable to abduct arm beyond 10 degrees
- deltoid muscle
- axillary nerve
-
unable to raise arm above horizontal
- serratus anterior muscle
- long thoracic nerve
- trapezius muscle
- spinal accessory nerve
-
carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve entrapment - flexor retinaculum
- numbness/tingling over lateral digits, sometimes radiates up elbow
- wasting of thenar eminence
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sensory to
posterior arm
dorsal hand/thumb
radial nerve
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median nerve sensory deficit
- dorsal/palmar of lateral 3.5 fingers
- thenar eminence
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ulnar nerve sensory deficit
- medial 1.5 fingers
- hypothenar eminence
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musculocutaneous sensory deficit
lateral forearm
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