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thinkrussia
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Where is the hypothalamus?
brain....above the pituitary gland
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What controls the hypothalamus?
neural signals make it turn on
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What does the hypothalamus do?
- stimulates or inhibits the anterior pit.
- makes oxytocin/ADH for the post. pit.
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What two things does the hypothalamus have for the ant. pit.
- GnRH
- ACTH-rf (releasing factor)
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What does GnRH do?
stimulates the anterior pit. to give FSH and LH
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What controls release of ant. pit.'s FSH and LH?
GnRH from hypo
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What is ACTH-RF?
acth Releasing factor
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What two hormones are made in the hypo then shipped to the post. pit?
oxytocin and ADH
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Where's the thyroid?
on the trachea
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What does the thyroid do?
produce/secretes thyroxin, calcitonin
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What are the two thyroid hormones (not including calcitonin)
- thyroxine
- triiodothyronine
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What do the thyroid hormones do?
stimulate growth and neuro development in children
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What does hypothyroidism do? vs. Hyper
- hypo: undersecreted, cold, fatigue, weight gain]
- hyper: opposite
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Where does calitonin come from?
thyroid glands
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What does calcitonin do?
it decreases [Ca+] by inhibiting release of Ca from bones
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What two hormones does the pancreas give off? G I
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Where are the islets of langerhorn, and what do they do?
- On the pancreas
- make and secrete Glucagon and Insulin
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What does glucagon do?
- it increases blood glucose
- stimulates protein and fat degradation (glycogen to glucose)
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What is glucagon antagonistic to?
insulin
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what is insulin antagonistic to?
glucagon
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What does insulin do?
- lower blood glucose
- encourages muscle uptake of suger
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Where's the parathyroid glands?
posterior surface of the thyroid
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What do the parathyroid glands secrete?
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
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What does the PTH do?
increases Ca+ concentration in blood (increase bone reabsorption)
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What is PTH?
parathyroid hormone
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Where does PTH come from?
The parathyroid glands
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What do kidney glands release?
Renin:
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Where does renin come from ?
kidneys
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What does renin do?
converts blood protein angiotensin to something else which stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
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what stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone?
Renin from the kidneys
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When is Renin released?
when blood volume is down.
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What three hormones are released in the GI (gastrointestinal?)?
GSC
- Gastrin
- Secretin
- Cholecystokinin
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Where does gastrin come from?
GI glands
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wwhere does Secretin come from?
GI glands
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Where does cholecystokinin come from?
GI glands
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What does gastrin do?
stimulates HCL release after ingested food
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What does secretin do?
stimulates basic release of alkaline bicarbonate (cause of acidic foods)
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What does cholecystokinin do?
Stimulates gall bladder to release bile (for breakup of fatty foods)
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Where is the pineal gland?
base of brain
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What does the pineal gland release?
melatonin
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Where does melatonin come from?
pineal gland
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What does melatonin do?
- regulates circadian rhythms (24 hour physiological stuff)
- dark light cycles
- antagonist of MSH
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What are the two different mechanisms of Hormone action?
P S
Peptide and Steroid
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Match Peptide and Steroid with the appropriate mechanism.
intracellular receptors
extracellular receptors
- Peptide: Extracellular
- Steroid: Intracellular
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What are peptide hormones? what do they do?
they are first messangers that trigger second messengers to do something (surface)
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What are steroid hormones? what do they do?
- Intracellular receptors
- they enter cell, the hormone and receptor go and get the DNA directly.
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