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Osteogenesis imperfecta
- Congential hereditary disorders
- Problem in synthesis of Type 1 collagen
- Leads to defects in bone, ears, joints, teeth
- Severe form --> May have fractures at birth
- Less severe --> fracture early in childhood
- My develop hearing loss --> fracture of middle ear
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Osteoporosis
- Decrease in bone mass
- Can't maintain sufficient mechanical support
- Malnutritin (calcium) and endocrine disturbances (estrogen decline) may have an impact
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Osteomalasia/Rickets
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Inadequate mineralization of bone matrix
- Decrease in bone density
- Osteomalasia- adult form; weight bearing bone deformities
- Rickets- child form; "pigeon breast", lumbar lordosis, bowed legs
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Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
- Associated w/ advanced primary hyperparathyroidism
- 1) early stage
- 2) osteitis fibrosa
- 3) osteitis fibrosa cystica
- Lesion: osteoclastic resporption of bone w/ fibrous replacement
- Formation of cysts
- Mandible & maxilla initially affected
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Osteitis Deformans (Paget's disease)
- Disordered bone remodeling --> mosaic pattern in bone
- Mono or poly-ostotic
- Unexplained pain & bone fractures & bone lysis
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Osteomyelitis
- inflammation of bone from infection
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Suppurative inflammation, edema & bone necrosis
- Either by:
- Hematogenous route: in children, bacteriemia in long bones
- Direct bone penetration: wounds, fractures, surgery
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Assymetric cartilage growth
- Part of epiphyseal plate grows faster than the other
- Usually hereditary
- Can also be due to trauma/forces near epiphyseal plate
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Scoliosis: List
- lateral tilt of the spine from the T1 level
- May result from herniated disk or painful spasm of muscles along spine
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Scoliosis: Gibbus
- Angular deformity noted w/ a collapsed vertebra
- Causes: metestatic malignancy of the spine, tuberculosis
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Scoliosis: Flattening of the lumbar curve
Suggest a herniated lumbar disk or ankylosing spondylitis
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Scoliosis: Kyphosis
- may be 1st indication of osteoporosis in elderly
- accompanied by pain in vertebral area & radiologic signs of osteoporosis
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Transverse Fracture
Force perpendicular to long axis of the bone
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Compression fracture
Force along the axis
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Spiral Fracture
Torsional force
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3 phases of fracture healing
- Inflammatory: formation of granulation tissue; callus @ periphery of post-fracture; hemorrage clot
- Reparative Phase: Pluripotent cells into fibroplasts & osteoblasts
- Remodelling Phase: Reorganization & restoration; osteoblasts replaced w/ osteoclasts
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