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innate resistance
geneticall predetermined resistnace
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immunity
ability of host to counteract specific substances or organisms
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antigens
foreign substances that interact with the immune system
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natural active
immunity aquired naturally from infection
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natural passive
from mother to fetus
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aftificial active
from vaccination
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artificial passive
immunoglobin injection
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vacines are made from
- pathogens
- attenuated, inactivated, and killed
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immune response
accomplised by WBC derived from hemopoetic stem cells
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humoral immune response
- mediated by b-cells derived from stem cells found in bone marrow
- produce circulating antibodies found in the gamme globuin fraction of blood serum
- defend against bacteria viruses and toxins in blood and lymph
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cell mediated immune response
- mediated by tcells (wbc that mature in thymus gland)
- defend against intercellular viruses, multicellular parasits, transplanted tissue, and caner cells
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antigen
foreign substnaces, protiens, lipoprotiens and glycoprotiens
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antigenic determinants
- protien of antigen which reacts with a specific antibody
- many
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antibodies produced
- by b cells in response to an antigen
- 2 binding sites per molecule
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IgG
most prevalent antiboy class
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IgM
5 monomers involved in complemet fixation and agglutionation
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IgA
secreated protects mucosa
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IgD
antigen receptors on B cells
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IgE
- bind to mast cells and basophils
- alergic reaction
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antibody production
- mature B-cells circulate in blood each producing a different antigen receptor
- b-cells not needed die
- activate when antigen reacts with antigen receptors
- produce clone of plasma cells and memory cells
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helper t cells
intereact between antigen presenting cell and b cell to activate b cell to produce plasma cells which secreates antibodies
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memory cells
recognize antigen from previous which produces plasma cells faster
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t cells and b cells
that react with self are destroyed during fetal development
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natural killer cells
- kill virus infected cells, tumor cells and large parasites
- not immunologically specific
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interleukins
cytokines (chemical messanger) that allow leukeocytes to communicate
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interferons
are cytokines that protect against viruses
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chemokines
cause leukocytes to move to site of infection
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helper t cells activate
- bcells
- cytotoxic t cells
- other helper t cells
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cytotoxic t cells
- attack interacellular pathogens such as viruses, some bacteria, and multicellular parasites
- attach to target cell release protien perforin which poles hold in target cell inducing death
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suppresor t cells
- apprear to regulate immune response
- subpopulation of helper cells
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activated macrophages
- stimulated by ingestion of antigens and cytokines from helper t cells
- aqquire enhnaced ability to digest via phagocytosis virus infected cells and intracellular bacteria infected cells
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