immunology

geneticall predetermined resistnace

ability of host to counteract specific substances or organisms

foreign substances that interact with the immune system

immunity aquired naturally from infection

from mother to fetus

from vaccination

immunoglobin injection

• pathogens
• attenuated, inactivated, and killed

accomplised by WBC derived from hemopoetic stem cells

• mediated by b-cells derived from stem cells found in bone marrow
• produce circulating antibodies found in the gamme globuin fraction of blood serum
• defend against bacteria viruses and toxins in blood and lymph

• mediated by tcells (wbc that mature in thymus gland)
• defend against intercellular viruses, multicellular parasits, transplanted tissue, and caner cells

foreign substnaces, protiens, lipoprotiens and glycoprotiens

• protien of antigen which reacts with a specific antibody
• many

• by b cells in response to an antigen
• 2 binding sites per molecule

most prevalent antiboy class

5 monomers involved in complemet fixation and agglutionation

secreated protects mucosa

antigen receptors on B cells

• bind to mast cells and basophils
• alergic reaction

• mature B-cells circulate in blood each producing a different antigen receptor
• b-cells not needed die
• activate when antigen reacts with antigen receptors
• produce clone of plasma cells and memory cells

intereact between antigen presenting cell and b cell to activate b cell to produce plasma cells which secreates antibodies

recognize antigen from previous which produces plasma cells faster

that react with self are destroyed during fetal development

• kill virus infected cells, tumor cells and large parasites
• not immunologically specific

cytokines (chemical messanger) that allow leukeocytes to communicate

are cytokines that protect against viruses

cause leukocytes to move to site of infection

• bcells
• cytotoxic t cells
• other helper t cells

• attack interacellular pathogens such as viruses, some bacteria, and multicellular parasites
• attach to target cell release protien perforin which poles hold in target cell inducing death

• apprear to regulate immune response
• subpopulation of helper cells

• stimulated by ingestion of antigens and cytokines from helper t cells
• aqquire enhnaced ability to digest via phagocytosis virus infected cells and intracellular bacteria infected cells