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MoonRacer
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The process in which cultural ideas, objects, and lifestyles are sread from one society to another.
Cultural Diffusion
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Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups.
Civilization
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Hierarchical structure of class and status, such as kings and queens, down to the bottom of the pyramid with peasants.
Social Stratification
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The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence.
Paleolithic Age
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A system of beliefs that helped explain the environment and set up rules for various kinds of social behavior.
Culture
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The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E.
Neolithic Revolution
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From about 4000 B.C.E., when these kinds of tools were first introduced in the Middle East until Iron began to replace it.
Bronze age
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A level of social organization normally consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis.
Tribal Bands
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Societies with the male as the high powered gender. Men rule the world.
Patriarchal
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Literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys.
Mesopotamia
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People who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E. created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states.
Sumerians
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A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king.
City-state
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In Sinai Peninsula to Mesopotamia, forming a crescent shaped area of fertile soil.
Fertile Crescent
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The belief of many gods. It was the most common form in ancient civilizations.
Polytheistic
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Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes.
Ziggurat
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The moral values and principles of a culture.
Ethics
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The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for the codification of law.
Hammurabi
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A government where a deity is the supreme ruler.
Theocracy
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A Language group of Indus and Europe.
Indo-European
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Believing that your ethics and way of life are correct and better than others.
Ethnocentrism
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Title of ancient Egyptian kings. Considered a god, and were a recreation of Horus.
Pharaoh
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A form of government in which there are multiple bodies or bureaus that help govern a place.
Bureaucracy
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The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization.
Monotheism
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Along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern.
Harappa
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Strong winds caused by the seasons.
Monsoon
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Also known as the yellow river; sire of development of sedentary agriculture in China.
Huang He
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Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing.
Oracles
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A person who had power and wealth from owning land.
Aristocrat
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Animal bones or shells used to tell the gods wishes in Chinese civilization.
Oracle Bones
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Government who had power and wealth from trade.
Oligarchy
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Self-government. The independence of the will on one's action
Autonomy
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The first son in the family gets everything the father had after passing away.
Primogeniture
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Believing in equality of all people.
Egalitarianism
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Money paid to the bride's family in order for them to marry.
Bride Money
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Cheating on a married person.
Adultery
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River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization.
Indus River Valley
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