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What is ecology?
Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment
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What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors? Give examples of each.
- Biotic are living factors (deer)
- Abiotic are nonliving factors (rocks)
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Define each levels of organization in the environment. Give an example of each.
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
- Organism - an individual from one species - llama
- Population - a species in one area - llamas
- Community - a mixture of biotic species in one area - llamas, chickens, deer
- Ecosystem - has both biotic and abiotic factors in one area - llamas, rocks, rivers, deer
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Define each of the different ways of obtaining energy and give examples of each.
Producers
Consumers
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Scavengers
Decomposers
- Producers - sunlight - plants
- Consumers - eat producers
- Herbivores - eat only plants (deer)
- Carnivores - eat only meat (bears)
- Omnivores - eat a variety (humans)
- Scavengers - eat dead organisms (vulture)
- Decomposers - breaks down / secretes their food (bacteria)
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What is the difference between a food web and a food chain?
A food web shows the many energy patterns and is more complex than a food chain
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What are the 3 things organisms do with the energy they obtain from food?
Use it, give it off as heat, and store it
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What is the order of the levels of consumers?
Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer
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What level of consumer has the most organisms? The least?
- Most - Producers
- Least - Tertiary Consumer
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What level of consumer has the most energy and biomass? The least?
- Most - Producers
- Least - Tertiary Consumer
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What is the direction of the energy flow?
From producer to tertiary consumer (up)
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How much energy can be passed from one level to the nextin an energy pyramid?
10%
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What is the difference between habitat and niche?
- Habitat - the environment in which an animal lives
- Niche - the role of the organism in the environment
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Name 3 examples of limiting factors.
Water, food, shelter, mates
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How do limiting factors affect the size of a population?
It can either increase or decrease the size
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How does carrying capacity affect a population?
It controls the maximum size and amount of animals that an area can support (either increase or decrease)
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Define symbiosis. What are the three types? Define the three types.
- A relationship between two species
- Commensalism - One organism benefits, the other neither benefits or is harmed
- Mutualism - Both organisms benefit
- Parasitism - One organism benefits and the other is harmed
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Define predator. Define prey.
- Predator - captures prey
- Prey - eaten by predator
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What is coevolution?
A long-term change that takes place in two species because of their close interactions with one another
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What is competition?
When two or more individuals try to use the same limited resource
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Define succession and explain how it occurs.
The gradual regrowth or development of a community of organisms over time - Organims (lichens) begin to help the environment so that life can start
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Define biome.
Geographic area characterized by certain types of plant and animal communities
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Explain which abiotic factors determine what biome will be found in a region.
Temperature and rainfall
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