-
Components of the Cerebral Cortex
- Frontal lobe- personality, Bx, emotion, intellect
- Parietal lobes- sensation
- Occipital lobe- visual receptor center
- Temporal lobes- auditory receptor center
-
Function of Basal Ganglia
automatic associated movements (extrapyramidal) i.e. alternating legs while walking
-
Function of the Thalamus
relay station. Sensory pathways of spinal cord and brainstem form synapses on way to cerebral cortex
-
Function of the Hypothalamus
control center. Vital function control (Temp, HR, BP), sleep, regulates ant. + post. pituitary gland, ANS coordinator, emotional status
-
Function of the Cerebellum
the “automatic pilot” . motor coordination of voluntary movements, equilibrium (posture), muscle tone
-
General Function of the Spinal Cord
“Highway” for descending and ascending fiber tracts connecting brain to spinal nerves; mediates reflexes
-
What are the 2 pathways of the CNS and each of their routes?
- 1. Sensory pathways: (afferent)
- a. Spinothalamic tract: pain, temp, light touch
- b. Posterior (dorsal) column: position, vibration, fine touch
- 2. Motor pathways (efferent)
- a. Corticospinal or pyramidal tract: mediate skilled, discrete, purposeful movements
- b. Extrapyramidal tracts: maintain muscle tone and control body movements
- c. Cerebellar system: coordinates movement maintains equilibrium and posture
- [tip: confusing because they sound the SAME.
- Sensory = Afferent. Motor = Efferent ]
-
4 Types of Reflexes
- 1. Deep Tendon Reflexes (ex. knee jerk)
- 2. Superficial (abdominal reflex)
- 3. Visceral (pupil response to light)
- 4. Pathologic (Babinski’s in adult)
-
Glasgow Coma Scale
- defines LOC by numeric value.
- 1. Best eye opening
- 2. Best motor response
- 3. Best verbal response
-
Cranial Nerve Assessments
- I, II: smell, visual acuity
- III, IV, VI: extraocular movements
- V, VII: corneal reflex, facial movements
- VIII: sound articulation (whisper test)
- IX, X: cough, swallow, "ahh"
- XI: neck and head movement
- XII: tongue movement, articulation
-
What is a dermatome?
circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly form one spinal cord segment thru a particular spinal nerve (they overlap on edges)
-
Dysphagia vs. Dysphasia
- DysphaGia- difficulty swallowing [G for Gut]
- DysphaSia- difficulty speaking [S for Speech]
-
Components of a Neuro Re-check
- 1. LOC (x 4)
- 2. Motor function (voluntary movement, hand grasp)
- 3. Paupillary response (direct and consensual)
- 4. Vital signs (temp pulse, RR, BP)
- (5.) Glasgow Coma Scale
|
|
