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How many major continental ice sheets were there in the ice age? Where were they?
There were four. They were located in Greenland, Antartica, North America, and Northern Europe.
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Which ice caps still remain?
Greenland's and Antartica's.
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How far did the North American ice sheet extend? What did the North American ice sheet create?
It extended to New York, and created the Great Lakes.
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In what direction do ice plates move?
Downward
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Manhattan exists due to ______ activity.
Glacial
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There were _____ major glacial advances during the ice age. There were also glacial _____. Ice age was a period of __________.
Four. Retreats. Oscillation.
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What are the reasons for climate change?
Axial tilt, rotational wobble (Milankovitch cycles), and volcanic eruptions.
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What is an alpine/ mountain valley glacier?
A glacier that starts out appearing only seasonally. After some time, some of the snow that doesn't melt begins to accumulate past the normal seasons.
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Define firn.
Compact ice and snow.
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Define cirque. How are they created?
Cirques are bow-shaped depressions. They are created as gravity pulls on the ice, which tugs on the rock.
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What is a glacial horn?
A pyramidal peak that results when several cirque glaciers gourge an individual summit from all sides.
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What is an arete?
A sawtooth ridge that has been carved by glacier on two sides.
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What is a fjord? How is it created?
long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs. They are typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley.
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What is a zone of accumulation?
The zone where ice and snow build up over time.
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What is a zone of ablation?
Zone where ice and snow melts.
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Define till.
Material that a glacier is carrying ( boulders, sand, pebbles)
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What is morraine?
Glacial till deposits.
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Define esker.
A sinuously carving, narrow ridge of coarse sand and gravel.
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What is an outwash plain?
The area of stratified drift beyond morrainal deposits that features channels that are meltwater-fed, braided, and overloaded with sorted and deposited materials.
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What is kettle? How is it formed?
A steep-sided hole that frequently fills with water. It forms when an isolated block of ice remains in a ground morraine , outwash plain, or valley floor, accumulates material around it as it melts.
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What is loess? How does it form?
Glacial silt. It was carved and ground up by glaciers, washed away and then deposited in layers.
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Define lateral morraine.
A deposition of glacial sediment that forms along the side of a glacier.
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Define terminal morraine.
Eroded debris that is dropped at the glacier's furthest extent.
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What can cause small glaciers to combine into a large glaicer?
Small glacial tributaries.
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What is an erratic rock?
Rocks deposited erratically by a passing glacier.
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How far did glaciers get in North America?
As far as the Sierra Nevada mountains.
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