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congenital or hereditary condition where the WBC's dviate from the normal standard.
WBC anomalies
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This is an autosomal dominant, that causes an abnormal maturation of nucleus that appears to function normally.
Inherited (true) pelger-huet
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This pelger-huet condition may be drug induced or secondary to CML.
pseudo-pelger-huet
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in pseudo-pelger-huet ____ are normal three lobed nucleus.
10%
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This is a response to severe infection where metamyelocytes and bands are present.
Shift to the left
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These are blue staining areas made up of rough endoplasmic reticulum and RNA.
Dohle bodies
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This is an autosomal dominant condition where dohle bodies, throbocytopenia, and giant, bizarre platelets are seen.
may-hegglin
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This is a rare sex-linked recessive disease that is fetal at a young age due to WBC's being unable to kll catalase positive organisms.
CGD
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this disorder is characterized by a normal WBC morphology, increased WBC count and granulomas in many organs and sites of infection.
CGD
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This is a deficiency of enzyme beta-glucocerebroside.
Gaucher's disease
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What are the five characteristics of gaucher's disease?
- Leukopenia
- thrombocytopenia
- hepatosplenomegaly
- gaucher's cells in bone marrow
- increased serum acid phosphate
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In bone marrow these cells have a wrinkled cytoplasm that looks like unfolded crumpled paper.
Gaucher's disease
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These tissue cells are also known as sea-blue histiocytes.
nieman-pick
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these disorder is caused dby a deficiency in sphingomyelinase that leads to an accumulation of sphingomyelin in histiocytes.
Nieman-Pick
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infectious mononucleosis is caused by what virus?
Epstein Barr Virus
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The epsein barr virus infects what cells?
B-lymphocytes
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how is infectious mononucleosis contracted
orally
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infectious mononucleosis causes malaise, enlarged lymph nodes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and is known as a _______ illness.
benign illness
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Complete recovery from infectious mononucleosis usually takes _______.
two months
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This is an abnormal neutrophilic response to infection that mimics early stage or leukemia.
leukemoid reaction
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These are dark blue-black granules seen in severe bacterial infections.
Toxic Granulation
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What are the four laboratory features of a leukemoid reaction.
- signs of infection
- toxic granulation
- dohle bodies
- vacuolization
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in a leukemoid reaction what is the:
WBC count:
eosinophilia:
basophilia:
philadelphia chromosome:
LAP:
- WBC count: 10-100
- Eosinophilia: absent
- Basophilia: absent
- philadelphia chromosome: absent
- LAP: Increased
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In CML what is the:
WBC count:
eosinophilia:
Basophilia:
Philadelphia chromosome:
LAP:
- WBC count: 30-500
- Eosinophilia: present
- Basophilia: present
- Philadelphia chromosome: present
- LAP: decreased
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This is a malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue.
Leukemias
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In leukemia normal bone marrow elements are replaced by ________.
neoplastic cells
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in leukemia __________ is always involved.
bone marrow
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Lukemia infiltrates what three parts of the body.
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Acute leukemia
Age:
Onset:
Cells:
Anemia:
Thrombocytopenia:
WBC count:
Organomegaly:
- Age: all ages
- Onset: suden
- Cells: immature (blasts)
- Anemia: mild to severe
- Thrombocytopenia :mild to severe
- WBC count: variable
- Organomegaly: mild
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In Chronic lukemia
age:
Onset:
Cells:
Anemia:
Thromocytopenia:
WBC count:
Organomegaly:
- Age: adults
- Onset: insidious
- Cells: Mature
- Anemia: Mild
- Thrombocytopenia: Mild
- WBC count: increased
- Organomegaly: Prominent
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If the liver and spleen are not affected by acute leukemia what anemia will be present?
normocytic, normochromic
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what cells will be present and usually predominante in an acute leukemia patients differential?
Blasts
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This is used to attain better discrimination in therapy and prognosis
FAB classification
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FAB classification is based on what four things?
- WBC morphology
- Cytochemical staining
- immunologic marker studies
- cytogenetics
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what type of blast has prominent nucleoli and and auer rods present in 50-60%.
AML blasts
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what type of blast has indistinct nucleoli and never has auer rods.
ALL Blasts
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These are stains used to aid in the diagnosis and classification of leukemia.
cytochemical staining
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Cytochemical staining uses the presence or absence of ________ or ________ to differentiate hematopoietic cells.
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This leukemia resembles M1 except smear shows maturation to or beyond promyelocytes.
M2-AML
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What is the most common type of AML
M1 and M2
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True or False
auer rods are often present in M2
true
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in this leukemia cells are all promyelocytes
M3-APL
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what type of leukemia has cells that have a kidney shaped or biloben nucleus, moderate cytoplasm, heavy primary granulation, and auer rods are common and in multiple
M3-APL
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what type of leukemia has a high incidence of DIC.
M3-APL
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in M4 leukemic cells are called _______.
myelomonocytic cells
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what type of leukemia is is characterized by both monocytic and granulocytic differentiation.
M4-AMML
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what type of leukemia has a large heterogenous lymphoblast morphology.
L2-ALL
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what is the four characteristics of nucleus lymphoblast morphology in L2-ALL.
- irregular in shape
- clefting and indentation
- heterogenous chromatin pattern
- one or more nucleoli
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what are the two characteristics of a laymphoblast's cytoplasm.
- variable, often moderately abundant
- variable cytoplasmic vacuolization
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what is B cell ALL aso called?
burkitt's leukemia or lymphoma
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this leukemia accounts for 2-5% of all ALL cases and has asymmetrical enlargement of lymph nodes.
B-cell Leukemia
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what are the two other names that Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia is known as?
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
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This is the most common type of leukemia in adults.
CLL
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what are the five symptoms of CML?
- Weight loss
- enlarged spleen
- fever
- night sweats
- malaise
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This is a diverse group of diseases characterized by proliferation of a single clone of cells producing a monoclonal immunoglbulin or immunoglobulin fragments.
Plasma Cell Disorders
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What are the three causes of multiple myeloma?
- Radiation
- Chemical agents (agricultural)
- certain medical conditions
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True or false
Multiple myeloma is not normally a myloproliferative disorder
True
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this disorder causes bone pain in 2/3 of cases, anemia, fatigue, SOB, constipation, and abdominal pain.
Multiple myeloma
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This disorder involves IgG or IgA, and causes marked rouleaux, elvated ESR, Presence of flame cells in BM
Multiple myeloma
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This disorder is characterized by a predominance of prolymphocytes in bone marrow and marked rouleaux
waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
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this dye is used to differentiate AML or AMoL from ALL. Positve for AML and AMoL (blue-black precipitate). Negative for ALL (No precipitate)
MPS
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This stain is soluble in lipids and penetrates granules in granulocytes and monocytes. granules stain black.
SBB
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Sodium fluoride inhibits this dye's activity in monocytes and macrophages but not other cells.
NSE
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- M3 APL
- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
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