Lampreys and salmon share a common behavior of being catadromous, meaning they migrate to freshwater to spawn.
True False
false
________ make a shark's skin feel like sandpaper.
a. Ammocoetes
b. Placoid scales
c. Spiracles
d. Claspers
Placoid scales
What is the function of claspers on a shark?
a. Hold the eggs on the female during fertilization.
b. Transfer sperm from the male to the females.
c. Allow for reciprocal copulation to occur.
d. Help streamline a shark's body.
Transfer sperm from the male to the females.
This structure allows skates and rays to breath while at rest.
a. Spicules
b. Spiracles
c. Placoid scales
d. Gill slits
Spiracles
What is considered to be the limiting factor for the rare, lobefin coelacanth?
a. Prey
b. Depth
c. Temperature
d. Habitat
Habitat
A ________ consists of an organism's common ancestor and all of its descendents.
a. monophyletic group
b. phenetic group
c. phylogenetic group
d. gene pool
monophyletic group
The most abundant type of fish is:
a. cartilaginous.
b. jawless.
c. ray-finned.
d. lobefin.
ray-finned
A fish is observed as having a high and narrow tail. It is an active swimmer and appears to have a very streamlined body. What is the body type of this fish?
a. Depressed body shape
b. Globular body shape
c. Laterally compressed body shape
d. Fusiform body shape
Fusiform body shape
What are structural colors produced by in fish?
a. Chromatophores
b. Pigments
c. Iridophores
d. Biochromes
Iridophores
________ allows fish to camouflage themselves to avoid predators or ambush prey.
a. Obliterative countershading
b. Disruptive coloration
c. Cryptic coloration
d. Aposematic coloration
Cryptic coloration
In gill filament structures, blood flows in the opposite direction from incoming water, creating a countercurrent multiplier system.
True False
true
Why is blood pressure low in fish?
a. Fish are not susceptible to hypertension conditions.
b. Blood must flow through sinus venosus.
c. Blood does not return back to the heart.
d. Water enters slightly deoxygenated.
Blood does not return back to the heart.
What structure in most ray-finned fish is responsible for buoyancy control?
a. Gas gland
b. Squaline
c. Blubber
d. Swim bladder
Swim bladder
What sensory organ is used to detect electrical currents in the water?
a. Lateral line
b. Neuromasts
c. Maculae
d. Ampullae of Lorenzini
Ampullae of Lorenzini
The most common form of reproduction for sharks is:
a. ovoviviparous reproduction.
b. oviparous reproduction.
c. asexual reproduction.
d. viviparous reproduction.
ovoviviparous reproduction.
Synchronous hermaphroditism is when an animal changes from one sex to another.
True False
false
What is the name for an association of fish that exhibit behaviors for social reasons?
a. Synchronization
b. Anadromous
c. Shoaling
d. Catadromous
Shoaling
A calcareous structure associated with sensory receptors are:
a. otoliths.
b. Ampullae of Lorenzini.
c. maculae.
d. neuromasts.
otoliths
A male fish has changed into a female fish. What kind of hermaphroditism occurred?
a. All of these choices
b. Protandry
c. Protogyny
d. Synchronous
Protandry
What factor is a major reason for the success of reptiles?
a. Advanced circulatory system
b. Rearing of juveniles
c. Amniotic egg
d. Skin covered with tough scales
Amniotic egg
This adaptation decreases water loss in marine reptiles.
a. Scaled-skin lacking glands
b. Efficient kidneys
c. Active lifestyle
d. Advanced circulatory system
Scaled-skin lacking glands
How do saltwater crocodiles communicate with each other?
a. Calls and barks
b. Chemical signals in the environment
c. Changing colors
d. Posturing and stances
Calls and barks
The dorsal surface of a turtle's shell is the ________ while the ________ is the ventral surface.
a. carapace; plastron
b. carapace; keratin
c. plastron; carapace
d. keratin; plastron
carapace; plastron
Sea turtle adaptations for buoyancy do not include:
a. reduced shell size compared to terrestrial turtles.
b. fused skeleton to shell.
c. fatty deposits.
d. light, spongy bones.
fused skeleton to shell
What affect can temperature have on the reproduction of sea turtles?
a. The sex ratio of juveniles.
b. The time of day the eggs hatch.
c. The imprint of the natal beach on juveniles.
d.The amount of food available to embryos.
The sex ratio of juveniles
Territorial combat of marine iguanas affects the overall size of the population due to serious injuries that occur.
True False
false
The only known marine lizard, the marine iguana, might be traditionally mostly black in color because they:
a. warn other individuals.
b. attract mates.
c. absorb more heat energy.
d. blend into terrestrial surfaces.
absorb more heat energy.
True sea snakes are ________ and do not come to land to breed.
a. oviparous
b. ovoviviparous
c. none of these choices
d.viviparous
viviparous
What adaptation allows sea snakes to remain submerged for long periods of time?
a. Able to lower metabolic rate.
b. They breathe air.
c. Able to absorb carbon dioxide through the skin.
d. Dual lungs that extend almost to the tail.
Able to lower metabolic rate.
What is the term used to describe the ability to maintain a constant body temperature?
a. Endothermic
b. Exothermic
c. Homeothermic
d. Heterothermic
Homeothermic
Alcids and penguins have had similar adaptations selected despite them being in different groups. What is this an example of?
a. Synchronous evolution
b. Convergent evolution
c. Concise evolution
d. Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Pelicans exhibit a unique mandible called a:
a. glandular pouch.
b. gular pouch.
c. fleshy mandible.
d. head adornment.
gular pouch.
________ are credited with cleaning garbage from beaches and water ways.
a. Sandpipers
b. Gulls
c. Terns
d. Boobies
Gulls
What adaptation do alcids have to aid in successful reproduction?
a. They lay eggs in protected areas on the beach.
b. They lay a single egg at a time.
c. The males rest eggs on their feet.
d. They have a pear shaped egg.
They have a pear shaped egg.
Marine reptiles and birds deal with large concentrations of salts in their body by:
a. having very fast metabolisms.
b. having excretory salt glands.
c. having very efficient kidneys.
d. secreting salt through their feathers.
having excretory salt glands.
Sandpipers are known to:
a. make long annual migrations.
b. be very solitary birds.
c. be territorial of their beaches.
d. feed on worms and fish.
make long annual migrations.
What birds only come to land to breed?
a. Albatrosses
b. Petrels
c. Alcids
d. Terns
Albatrosses
The digestive organ that stores food in penguins is called a:
a. hular pouch.
b. head adornment.
c. crop.
d. vacuole.
crop
An ecological equivalent is a group that has evolved dependently in the same habitat and displays different adaptations.
True False
false
Why do more marine mammal offspring survive to adulthood than other animals?
a.They expend high amounts of energy
b.They have fewer offspring.
c.They have a high metabolic rate.
d.They give a high level of parental care.
d.They give a high level of parental care.
What marine mammal has dense fur rather than thick layers of blubber?
a.Walruses
b.Sea lions
c.Manatees
d.Sea otters
d.Sea otters
All pinnipeds come ashore to:
a.birth and sleep.
b.birth and molt.
c.sleep and molt.
d.feed and mate.
b.birth and molt.
A pinniped is observed as lacking external ears, and it appears to propel through the water using its hind flippers only. What kind of pinniped might this be?
a.Phocids
b.Eared seals
c.Walruses
d.Sirenia
a.Phocids
________ allows mother pinnipeds to adjust the time of pregnancy of less than 1 year to an annual time frame.
a.Seasonal delayed implantation
b.A gestation period
c.Polygny
d.Lactation
a.Seasonal delayed implantation
What environmental factor can lactation periods be affected by?
a.Available nutrients
b.Predator numbers
c.Amount of other pinnipeds when lactating
d.Temperature of habitat
d.Temperature of habitat
Phocids congregate in harems during the mating season.
True False
false
What is the main food source for walruses?
a.Seagrass
b.Penguins
c.Molluscs and echinoderms
d.Fish and worms
c.Molluscs and echinoderms
What sirenian went extinct just 27 years after its discovery?
a.Spur-and-groove
b.Reef front
c.Drop off
d.Reef crest
a.Spur-and-groove
What part of the reef receives the full impact of wave energy?
a.Drop off
b.Reef crest
c.Forereef
d.Back reef
b.Reef crest
Most reefs grow at depths of ________ meters or less.
a.15
b.25
c.60
d.30
b.25
Atlantic reefs have a deeper buttress zone and are dominated by fire coral.
True False
True
What phenomena is thought to bring nutrients to Atolls?
a.Run-off
b.Settling of sediments
c.Upwelling
d.Algal ridges
c.Upwelling
________ is used to measure the state of development of a biological community.
a.Community respiration
b.Gross primary production to community respiration ratio
c.Climax
d.Gross primary production
b.Gross primary production to community respiration ratio
What hypothesis suggests there is no competition between reef fish because there are so many factors to create a niche for each species?
a.Predation disturbance model
b.Resource limitation model
c.Competition model
d.Lottery model
c.Competition model
These organisms are very vital in determining the structure of the reef due to their territorial behaviors.
a.Damselfish
b.Angelfish
c.Sponges
d.Seaweeds
a.Damselfish
How do corallivores keep certain corals from being overgrown?
a.Moves sediment towards slow growing corals.
b.Feed on fast-growing, branching corals.
c.None of these choices.
d.Prevent larval corals to settle in certain areas.
b.Feed on fast-growing, branching corals.
Which is not an adaptation of reef dwellers to avoid predation?
a.Feeding during the day.
b.Hiding during the day.
c.Production of poisonous mucus.
d.Ability to eviscerate internal organs.
a.Feeding during the day.
Coral bleaching is a result of:
a.pesticides from coastal developments.
b.the calcareous skeleton begins to breakdown.
c.extended periods of run-off.
d.corals expelling their zooxanthellae.
d.corals expelling their zooxanthellae.
Coral reefs:
a.all of these choices.
b.provide protection from storm generated surf conditions.
c.remove carbon dioxide from water and air.
d.provide compounds used for pharmaceuticals.
a.all of these choices.
The photic zone is part of what broader zone?
a.Epibenthic zone
b.Aphotic zone
c.Vertical zone
d.Epipelagic zone
d.Epipelagic zone
What characterizes nekton?
a.Relatively high consumption.
b.Ability to swim strongly against currents.
c.Highly productive organisms.
d.All of these choices.
b. Ability to swim strongly against currents.
The term for plankton that lives near the surface is:
a.neustron.
b.tripton.
c.nekton.
d.holoplankton.
a.neustron.
A diatom is considered to be kinetic plankton.
True False
false
A larval stage of a lobster is what kind of plankton?
There are more species of plants and animals in the Indian River Lagoon than in any other estuary in North America because the Gulf Stream brings many species up from the Caribbean and because of overlapping climatic regions of temperate and tropic zones.
True False
True
What nearshore reef type is found along Florida’s Treasure Coast?
a.Worm reef
b.Coral reef
c.Oyster reef
a.Worm reef
What is the distribution of the Sabellarid reefs?
a.West coast of Florida
b.North of Cape Canaveral
c.Canaveral to south end of Biscayne Bay
d.Florida Keys
c.Canaveral to south end of Biscayne Bay
How do the worms prevent desiccation at low tide?
a.they migrate into deeper waters
b.they build sand hoods over their tubes
c.they live in the subtidal zone and never dry out
d.they swim out of the tubes at low tide
b.they build sand hoods over their tubes
What is the primary food source of Sabellarid worms?
a.fish
b.phytoplankton
c.seagras
d.microplankton
d.microplankton
How fast is the reef growth in a six month period?
Young worm larvae have simple visual organs on both ends of the body to look for a good site to attach themselves.
a.true b.false
a.true
Which of the following are ecological benefits of Sabellarid reefs?
a.provide feeding grounds for sea turtles and fish
b.provide habitat for marine algae and plants
c.provide shelter for spiny lobster
d.all of the above
d.all of the above
Sea turtles are air breathing reptiles that are well adapted to life in the marine environment.
a.True b.False
a.True
Of the seven species of sea turtles that are found throughout the World, how many occur in US waters?
a.3
b.5
c.6
d.7
c.6
The majority of sea turtles are inhabiting ocean waters of temperate climates
a.True b.False
True
Which of the following species has more than one ESA (Endangered Species Act) status?