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Pyschotropics alter neurotransmitters by???
Preventing reuptake of neurotransmitter at presynaptic neuron = increase of nts
•Binding to receptor sites at postsynaptic neuron= block nts from binding
•Preventing enzymes from metabolizing neurotransmitters = increase in nts
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So the Pyschotropic drugs can increase what??
block what???
- Increase the amount of neurotransmitters
- Block nts from binding to receptor site
- Block nts from being taken back up into the synaptic cells
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What do Psychotropic target??
These drugs targe physiological alterations
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how do Psychotropics act on the brain??
relieve behavioral and emotional symptoms of mental illness
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What is the Medulla oblongata??
Center for respiration, HR, and vasomotor activity
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the Medulla oblongata regulateds what??
Regulated internal organs and is responsible for vital functions
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Medulla oblongata connect what with what?
Connects cerebrum w/ spinal cord
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Medulla oblongata plays a role in helping
cerebrum carry out conscious activity
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Medulla oblongata is the initial processing center for what??
sensory info
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The cerebellum controls what??
Controls muscle tone, coordination and maintains our equilibrium
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the Cerebrum is the ____part of the brain and controls what???
Largest part of brain and
controls mental processes,emotional states, conscious perception, language & communication, among other things
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Parietal Lobe ='s
sensory and motor
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Frontal Lobe='s
thought processes
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What are the Monoamines???
- Serotonin
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
- Acetylcholine
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What are the Amino Acids??
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Serotonin controls what??
Controls appetite, sleep, memory, temperature, MOOD, BEHAVIOR, memory and learning….
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If you have too much serotonin you feel
feel sick, less hungry, headaches
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If you have too little Serotonin you are
Depressed
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Dopamine Controls
- muscle tension, EMOTIONS, perceptions
- & sorting the real from imagination
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If you have too little Dopamine you have
Parkinson's
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If you have too much Dopamine you have
Schizophrenia
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Norepinephrine controls what??
heart, BP, sleep, restlessness, arousal, MOOD, EMOTION
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Too much norepinephrine you are
anxious and jittery
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Too little norepinephrine you are
depressed, sedated, low bp
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Acetylcholine controls what??
muscle contraction, arousal, memory and learning tasks
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Too little acetylcholine
muscle tighten
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Too little acetylcholine
dry mouth, blurred vision,constipation, confusion
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tooOo much GABA you are
drowsy and sedated
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ToO little GABA you are
Anxious
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What psychotropic drug alters dopamine??
Affected by antipsychotics
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What psychotropic durg alters Serotonin
Antidepressants & Antipsychotics
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What psychotropic drugs alter Norephinephrine??
Mood Stabilzers, Antidpressants, Antipsychotics & Psychostimulants
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What psychotropic durgs alter GABA
Antianxiety agents
Acetylcholine -Anticholinesterase agents,
Antipsychotics & Antidepressants
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What symptoms do Typical (conventional/traditional) first generation antipscyhotics show
Postive symtpoms
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What do Atypical (2nd Generation) antipscyhotic durgs show
Positive and Negative symptoms
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Typical Antipsychotic Agents block what??
Block selected dopamine receptors
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A high potency of Typical Antpsychotics cause what??
EPS
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What are the med treatments for bipolar disorder
- Lithium
- Carbamazepine
- Valproic Acid
- Gabapentin
- Topiramate
- Lamotrigine
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Carbamazepine trade name is what ??
and used for What??
Tegretol
used for bipolar disorders
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Valproic Acid's trade name is what
and used for What disorder??
Depaene
used for Bipolar disorder
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Gabapentin's trade name is what
used for what diorder??
Neurotin
used for bipolar disorder
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Topiramate's trade name is what??
used for what disorder??
Topamax
used for bipolar disorder
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Lamotrigine's trade name is what??
used for what disorder
Lamictal
used for bipolar disorder
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Lithium is used for what disorder
Bipolar disorder
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What are the SSRIs
- Celexa
- Prozac
- Luvox
- Paxil
- Zoloft
- Lexapro
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What are you less likely to do on SSRIs??
less likely to overdose
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what are the Newer Atypical Agents??
- Wellbutrin
- Zyban
- Desyrel
- Effexor
- Remeron
- Cymbalta
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What does wellbutrin inhibit??
norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor
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Wellbutrin helps with what addiction??
Nicotine addiction
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Trazodone can be what kind of aid??
sleep aid
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Bupropion can have a high risk for what??
High risk for seizures
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Mirtazapine has what strong effect??
Strong sedating effect
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What are the anticholinergic Side effects??
- dry mouth
- blurred vision
- constipation
- urinary retention
- tachycardia
- possible confusion
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Parnate =s
Tranylcypronine
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What is a toxic affect of an MAOI??
Hypertensive Crisis
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what are the Signs and symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis??
- Severe Headache
- Stiff, sore neck
- flushing cold clammy skin
- tachycardia
- Sever nosebleeds
- dilated pupils
- chest pain
- stroke
- coma, death
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In a hypertensive crisis what might be given to lower BP??
- Phentolamine (regitine) 5mg
- Oral Chlorpromazine
- Nifedipine (procardia) : calcium channel blocker 10 mg
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What are all the Mood Stabilizers (Antiepileptic drugs AEDs)???
- Tegretol
- Depakene
- Lamictal
- Neurotin
- Topamax
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Tegretol =s
Carbamazepine
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What is a big adverse affect w/ Tegretol??
Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia
blood levels should be monitored throughout first 8wks
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What mood stabilizer need a baseline liver function test ??
Depakene
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What Mood stabilizer has an Adverse effect of a life Threatening Rash (steven-johnson syndrome)???
Lamictal
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What are the adverse effects of Neurontin???
- difficulty breathing
- swelling of the lips
- rash
- slurred speech
- drowsiness
- diarrhea
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What two mood stabilizers are used off label for bipolar ??
Neurontin and Topamax
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What is the therapeutic level of Lithium??
<.4-1
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what are the expected S/S for a therapeutic level of lithium??
Fine hand tremor, polyuria and mild thirst
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What are early signs of toxicity level of lithium??
<1.5
medication should be w/held, blood lithium levles measured
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What are the advanced signs of toxicity in lithium??
1.5-2
coarse hand tremor
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What are the Atypical (second Generation) Antipsychotic Meds
- Clozaril
- Risperdal
- Zyprexa
- Seroquel
- Geoden
- Abilify
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What are the common side effects of clozaril??
- ACh effects
- orthostatic hypotension
- high sedation
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What are the common Adverse side effects of Clozaril??
- Agranulocytosis
- Sig weight gain
- Excessive salivation
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What do Atypical (second generation) Antipsychotic agents diminish??
Diminish positive and negative signs and symptoms of schizophrenia
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What are the Typical (first generation) Antipsychotics??
- Haldol
- Stelazine
- Prolixin
- Navane
- Loxitane
- Moban
- Thorazine
- Taracton
- Mellaril
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What do the typical (first generation) antipsychotics target
They target the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
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What is a consideration with Haldol
High EPS effect
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How often is Haldol given IM??
every 3-4 wks
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How often can Prolixin can be given
IM 2-4wks
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Thorazine has increase in what??
increase sensitivity to sun
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Throazine has what high effects
highest sedative and hypotensive effects
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