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dante01
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Surface area is increased by
- 1.External gills
- 2.Internal gills
- 3.Lungs
- 4.Tracheae
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ventilation
active moving of the respiratory medium over the gas exchange
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Perfusion
circulating blood over the gas exchange surfaces
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Countercurrent flow
- 1.Fish gills use
- -very effective mechanism for removing the maximum amount of oxygen from the water flowing over them
- - Countercurrent flow promotes diffusion of a substance (such as oxygen) down its concentration gradient from one fluid (water) to the other (blood)
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Lamellae
site of gas excahnge and minimize the diffussion path between blood and water
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Afferent blood vessels
bring blood to the gills
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efferent blood vessels
take blood away
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Tidal
air flows in and out by same path
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Tidal volume
the amount of air that moves in and out per breath
-at rest is meaured by a spirometer
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The residual volume
the air that cannot be expelled from the lungs
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alveoli
the sites of human gas exchange
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The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 varies. Three factors are:
- 1.Hemoglobin composition
- 2. pH
- 3.2,3 BPG, lowers the affinity for O2
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