Microbio Midterm 2

Which epidemic is not virus borne?

A) smallpox 
B) polio
C) SARS
D) bubonic plague
E) AIDS

An icosahedral capsid has how many sides?

Viruses may be classified by the _______ method

So far, the known mechanisms of replication and mRNA expression define how many fundamental groups of virus species?

The period of time when virions are virtually undetectable inside the infected cell is the ______

Which form of control is the least reversible and most drastic?

A) alterations of DNA sequence
B) translational control
C) control of transcription
D) posttranslational control 
E) control of post-transcripton

Which is the favored carbon source of E. coli? 

Transcriptional attenuation is a common regulatory strategy used to control many operons that code for what?

Which of the following is not true of phase variation?

A) The orientation of the DNA sequence is inverted
B) It only occurs in prokaryotes
C) It may help the bacteria avoid the immune system
D) All are true 
E) It can result in a change in microbial appearance

Integrated circuits can:

A) send a virus down alt. lifestyle paths
B) couple the genetic and biochemical control of a metabolic pathway
C) time the envents of a developmental cycle
D) all of the above
E) none of the above 

Which of the following is a useful reporter gene?

A) X gal
B) gadA
C) lacZ 
D) transposase
E) horseradish peroxidase

At what level can a cell regulate production of a protein?

A) transcription
B) translation
C) stability of the mRNA
D) all of the above
E) none of the above 

Which of the following statements is false with respect to reporter fusions?

A) gene regulation can be examined by fusing the promoter of the gene to a reporter gene
B) reporter genes encode proteins whose activity is easily assayed
C) reporter fusions facillitate monitoring the expression of genes whose products are difficult to measure directly
D) all are true
E) all are false 

Which of the following techniques would be used to monitor changes in mRNA levels?

A) Northern blots
B) Eastern blots
C) SDS-PAGE 
D) Southern blots
E) Western blots

Which technique would be used to monitor changes in protein levels?

In the western blot procedure, proteins are transferred from the gel to a ____ 

The organism producing an insecticidal protein is _____

Which metabolism is thought to be absent in the 1st cells?

Which is correct nomenclature of ESCHERICHIA COLI?

The description of distinct life forms and their organization into different categories is called ______

Which of the following would not be a good choice to use as a molecular clock to compare the 3 domains?

A) rRNA
B) chloroplast proteins 
C) ribosomal proteins
D) tRNA
E) RNA polymerase

Which of the following scientists is responsible for defining the Archaea as a 3rd domain?

A) Francis Crick
B) Rosalind Franklin 
C) Carl Woese
D) Norm Pace
E) James Watson

Which of the following does not typically contribute to horizontal gene transfer?

A) genome replication
B) bacteriophages 
C) plasmids
D) viruses
E) transposable elements

Fungi grow hyphae with cell walls of _____

Sets of genes in operons are coordinately regulated by which of the following?

A) protein repressors
B) activators
C) sigma factors
D) small RNAs
E) all of the above 

If a gene is always expressed, it is ______

Which phyla produces what are called "true" mushrooms?

T or F: All 3 gene products of the lac operon are required for the utilization of lactose to occur

T or F: Fossil stromatolites are among the earliest forms of life on Earth

T or F: Some yeasts can undergoes alt. of generations