The flashcards below were created by user
emmyd1992
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Epitheli(o)
Epithelium (type of tissue)
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Ex/exo
Outside,without,away from
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Hem / angi(o)
Blood / vessel
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Lysis
Process of destroying
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Stasis
Stopping, controlling
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Super / supra
Above or excess, beyond
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Troph(o) or troph(y)
Nutrition
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Gross anatomy
Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye
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ADH & negative feedback w/ ADH
- Prevents too much fluid from being lost.
- Receptor senses decreased blood volume.
- Hypothalmus simulated pituitary gland to realease ADH.
- Cause kidney to return more water to blood.
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Positive feedback
Response enhanse or exaggerated the original stimulus
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Negative feedback
Response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus
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Efferent pathway
Takes signal from control center to effector for response.
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Afferent Pathway
takes signal from receptor to control center
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Efferent Pathway
Takes signal from control center to effector for response
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Components of Homeostasis
Receptor -> Control Center -> effector
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Positive feedback w/ oxytocin
labor is enhanced by oxytocin to relax walls
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Total magnification of a microscope
Power of occular lens x power of objective lens
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Platelet formation
- Positive feedback control
- -Loss in blood causes platelets to adhere & release chemicals
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Structural Organization
Chemical level -> cellular -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organismal
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Microscopic Anatomy
structures to small for the naked eye; usually tissue sections
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Necessary Functions of Life (8)
- 1 homeostasis
- 2 movement
- 3 responsiveness
- 4 digestion
- 5 metabolism
- 6 excretion
- 7 reproduction
- 8 growth
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Survival Needs
- 1 nutrients
- 2 oxyge
- 3 water
- 4 normal body temp
- 5 appropriate atmospheric pressure
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Regional Anatomy
all the structures in a particular region of the body
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Hyoid bone
attachment of tounge in throat
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Number of floating ribs
11 & 12
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Number of false ribs
8-12
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Axial
head, neck, & trunk
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Abdominal
pertaining to anterior body trunk region under ribs
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Acromial
point of shoulder
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Antecubital
anterior surface of elbow
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Brachial
arm between shoulder & elbow
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Fibular
side of leg
(a.k.a. peroneal)
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Orbital Cavities
house the eyes & present them in an anterior position
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Middle Ear Cavities
- medial to eardrums
- contain tiny bones
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Nasal Cavity
within & posterior to the nose
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Synovial Cavities
- joint cavities
- secrete lubricating fluid
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Epidermis Layers
- stratum corneum
- stratum granulasum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum basale
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Keratinocytes
epidermal cells that produce keratin
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Dermis Layers
papillary & reticular
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Apocrine glands
secrete through hair follicle
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Eccrine Gland
sweat glands
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Hypodermis
- fat layer
- has free nerve endings
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Body of Nail
visible attached portion
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Free Edge of Nail
portion that grows out away (tip)
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Lateral Nail Fold
skin that overlaps the sides of the nail
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Proximal Nail Fold
Skin that overlaps bottom of nail
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Nail Matrix
- at end of nail (under skin)
- responsible for nail growth
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Lunule
white proximal region
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Arrector Pili Muscle
contract * slant the hair
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Mucous Membrane
- epithelial cell resting on a large layer of loose connective tissue
- line digestive system & respiratory system
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Serous Membrane
layer of simple squamous epithelium on auolar (sp) tissue
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Organelles
"small organs"
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Chromosomes
- chromatin (DNA) that's coiled & condensed
- during cell division
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Chromatin
- DNA is loosly dispersed throughout nucleus
- during non-cell division
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Cytosol
fluid cytoplasmic material
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Centrioles
during cell division they direct formation of mitotic spindle
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Microvilli
- finer-like folds of the membrane
- increase the surface area
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Nuclear Envelope
- binds nucleus
- double membrane
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Nucleus
contains genetic material
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Interphase
cell grows & carries out usual activity
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Mitosis
- Nuclear division
- product is two identical cells
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Cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm
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Meiosis
- nuclear division
- yields 4 completely different cells
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Prophase
- chromosomes form
- mitotic spinle form
- nuclear envelope & nucleolus breakdown
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Metaphase
chromosomes migrate to center
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Anaphase
enzyme "seperate" cleaves cohesion & centromeres split
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Telophase
- chromosomes -> chromatin
- spindle breaks down
- nuclear envelope & nucleoli appear
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Patellar
anterior kneecap region
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Sternal
sternum (breast bone)
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Lumbar
back between ribs & hits
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Occipital
posterior of head or base of skull
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Olecranal
posterior part of elbow
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Perineal
between anus & genitals
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Popliteal
posterior side of knee
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Vertebral
spinal cord area
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Medial
toward midline of body ->|<-
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Lateral
away from midline <-|->
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Intermediate
between medial & lateral -> x <-|-> x<-
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Cranial
toward head (superior)
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Caudal
away from head (inferior)
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Dorsal
toward back of body behind
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Ventrical
- toward front of body
- in front of
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Proximal
closer to origin on the body
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Distal
farther from the origin of a body part
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Superficial
toward or at the body surface (external)
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Deep
away from the body surface (internal)
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Cephalad
cranial, superior
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Transverse Place
divide body horizontally into superior & inferior (upper & lower)
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Frontal plane
divide vertically into anterior & posterior (front & back)
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Sagittal Plane
- divide vertically into right & left
- not always equal sides
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Midsagittal Plane
- sagittal plane lies on midline
- vertically left & right equal portions
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Parasagittal Plane
- sagittal plane not on midline
- vertical left & right not symetrical
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Oblique Section
cuts made diagonally
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Dorsal Cavity
- protects nervous system
- 2 subdivisions: cranial & vertebrae cavities
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Ventral Cavity
- house internal organs
- 2 subdivisions: thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities
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Cranial Cavity
encases brain
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Vertebral Cavity
encases spinal cord
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Thoracic Cavity
- surrounded by the ribs & muscles of the chest
- contains: pleural cavity & mediastinum
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Abdominal Cavity
contains: stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, & other organs
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Pelvic Cavity
contains: urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, & the rectum
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants (#'s)
1 3
2 4
- 1 Right Upper
- 2 Right Lower
- 3 Left Upper
- 4 Left lower
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Abdominopelvic Regions
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
- 1 Right hypochondriac
- 2 right lumbar
- 3 right inguinal
- 4 epigastric
- 5 umbilical
- 6 hypogastric
- 7 left hypochondriac
- 8 left lumbar
- 9 left inguinal
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Right hypochondriac Region
liver
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Epigastric Region
stomach
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Umbilical Region
- transverse colon of large intestine
- small intestine
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Hypogastric Region
Urinary bladder
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Left Hypochondriac Region
Diaphragm
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Left Lumbar Region
descending colon of large intestine
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Left Inguinal Region
initial part of sigmoid colon
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Right Lumbar Region
- gall bladder
- ascending colon of large intestine
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Pathological Anatomy
study of structural changes caused from a disease
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Molecular Biology
study of structures at a subcellular level
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Radiographic Anatomy
study of interna; structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures
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Developmental Anatomy
studying development that occurs throughout lifespan
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Systemic Anatomy
body structures being studied system by system
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Tubercle
small rounded projection
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Epicondyle
raised area on or above a condyle
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Spine
sharp slender projection
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Trochanter
large blunt projection
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Line
narrow ridge, less prominant than crest
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Tuberosity
large rounded projections
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Head
bone expansion on a neck
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Facet
smooth articular surface
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Condyle
rounded projection
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Ramus
armlike bar of bone
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Fissure
narrow slit-like opening
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Foramen
round opening through a bone
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Notch
indentation at an edge
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Sinus
bone cavity lined with mucous membrane
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Histology
study of tissues
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