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341 Chapter 2
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Morpheme
basic unity when studying morphology
(words and parts of words).
It is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning
Two kinds of Morphemes
Bound and Free
Free Morpheme
Stand alone
Grammatical or Lexical
Lexical Morphemes
noun
adjective
verb
Grammatical Morphemes
auxiliary verb
definite articles
indefinite articles
demonstrative adjective
posessive adjective
pronoun
preposition
conjunction
auxilary verb
progressive
perfect
passive
modal
progressive
auxilary verb
form of the verb BE and always followed by –ing
Example:I
am
kicking
the desk.
perfect
auxilary verb
form of the verb HAVE + en participle
Example
: He
has taken
out the garbage.
passive
auxilary verb
BE + en participle
Example: It is
broken.
modal
auxilary verba.
Can
Could
May
Might
Will
Would
Shall
Should
must
Definite Article
ex-the
Indefinite Article
a- before consonant sound
an- before a vowel sound
demonstrative adjective
proximal
dismal
Proximal
Demonstrative Adjective
distance something is close emotionally and physically
singular- this
plural- these
Distal
Demonstrative Adjective
Far away
singular-that
plural-those
Possesive Adjective
1st person sing- my plural- our
2nd person sing- your plural- your
3rd person sing- his/her/its plural their
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Indefinite
Reflexive
Relative
Demonstrative
Personal Pronoun
subject object possessive
Sing pl sing pl sing pl
1st p. I we me us mine ours
2nd p. you you you you your yours
3rd p. he they him them his
she her hers
it it its
Case
different morphological forms for different syntax functions
Hypercorrection
correct something that was never wrong in the first place
Indefinite Pronoun
Anyone
Anybody
Something
Someone
Reflexive Pronoun
myself
yourself
himself/ hisself
herself
itself
themselves
Reflexive Pronoun
I know a woman
who
has 300 cars.
Demonstrative Pronoun
I lost
your
key so you can take mine.
This
These
That
Those
Example-
This
book is nothing like
that
.
Demonstrative adjective
demonstrative pronoun
Prepositions
Occur before the noun
In
Over
Under
Depending on
According to
Conjunctions
or
but
and
Bound Morpheme
Derivational
Inflectional
Derivational
Lexicon
Create a new word (ex-pavement)
Often change the word class (pave is a verb pavement is a noun- patron/patronize)
Based on meaning (I like the pavement.)
Sensitive to the words they attach (sometimes they do and sometimes they don’t
All prefixes are Derivational
Inflectional
Grammar
Do not create a new word, but a different form of the word. (ex-paves)
Never change the word class (pave/ paves big/bigger)Dictated or chosen by the grammar (I pave. He paves.)Patterned- attach to every member of a class
There are eight inflectional endings in English:
Inflectional Endings
Verbal Suffixes
-ing -ed -s -en
Noun Suffixes
-s -s
Adjective Suffixes
-er -est
Affixed Morphemes
Prefix
Suffix
Infixes
Circumfixes
Interweaving morphemes
Infixes
Abso-fucking-lutely
Circumfixes
on both sides of the word
Interweaving Mophemes
Triconsonantal stem: adding different sounds around the three consonant stem
Author
obrianstanek
ID
159464
Card Set
341 Chapter 2
Description
341 Chapter 2 Linguistics Study Guide
Updated
6/21/2012, 3:01:50 PM
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