341 Chapter 2

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Morpheme
- basic unity when studying morphology
- (words and parts of words).
- It is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning
Two kinds of Morphemes

Bound and Free
Free Morpheme

Stand alone

Grammatical or Lexical
Lexical Morphemes

noun

adjective

verb
Grammatical Morphemes
- auxiliary verb
- definite articles
- indefinite articles
- demonstrative adjective
- posessive adjective
- pronoun
- preposition
- conjunction
auxilary verb
- progressive
- perfect
- passive
- modal
progressive
- auxilary verb
- form of the verb BE and always followed by –ing
- Example:I am kicking the desk.
perfect
- auxilary verb
- form of the verb HAVE + en participle
- Example: He has taken out the garbage.
passive
- auxilary verb
- BE + en participle
- Example: It is broken.
modal
- auxilary verba.
- Can
- Could
- May
- Might
- Will
- Would
- Shall
- Should
- must
Definite Article

ex-the
Indefinite Article
- a- before consonant sound
- an- before a vowel sound
demonstrative adjective
- proximal
- dismal
Proximal
- Demonstrative Adjective
- distance something is close emotionally and physically
- singular- this
- plural- these
Distal
- Demonstrative Adjective
- Far away
- singular-that
- plural-those
Possesive Adjective
- 1st person sing- my plural- our
- 2nd person sing- your plural- your
- 3rd person sing- his/her/its plural their
Pronouns
- Personal Pronouns
- Indefinite
- Reflexive
- Relative
- Demonstrative
Personal Pronoun
- subject object possessive
- Sing pl sing pl sing pl
- 1st p. I we me us mine ours
- 2nd p. you you you you your yours
- 3rd p. he they him them his
- she her hers
- it it its
Case

different morphological forms for different syntax functions
Hypercorrection

correct something that was never wrong in the first place
Indefinite Pronoun
- Anyone
- Anybody
- Something
- Someone
Reflexive Pronoun
- myself
- yourself
- himself/ hisself
- herself
- itself
- themselves
Reflexive Pronoun

I know a woman who has 300 cars.
Demonstrative Pronoun
- I lost your key so you can take mine.
- This
- These
- That
- Those
- Example- This book is nothing like that.
- Demonstrative adjective demonstrative pronoun
Prepositions
- Occur before the noun
- In
- Over
- Under
- Depending on
- According to
Conjunctions
- or
- but
- and
Bound Morpheme
- Derivational
- Inflectional
Derivational
- Lexicon
- Create a new word (ex-pavement)
- Often change the word class (pave is a verb pavement is a noun- patron/patronize)
- Based on meaning (I like the pavement.)
- Sensitive to the words they attach (sometimes they do and sometimes they don’t
- All prefixes are Derivational
Inflectional
- Grammar
- Do not create a new word, but a different form of the word. (ex-paves)
- Never change the word class (pave/ paves big/bigger)Dictated or chosen by the grammar (I pave. He paves.)Patterned- attach to every member of a class
- There are eight inflectional endings in English:
Inflectional Endings
- Verbal Suffixes
- -ing -ed -s -en
- Noun Suffixes
- -s -s
- Adjective Suffixes
- -er -est
Affixed Morphemes
- Prefix
- Suffix
- Infixes
- Circumfixes
- Interweaving morphemes
Infixes

Abso-fucking-lutely
Circumfixes

on both sides of the word
Interweaving Mophemes

Triconsonantal stem: adding different sounds around the three consonant stem

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341 Chapter 2

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341 Chapter 2 Linguistics Study Guide

Updated

6/21/2012, 3:01:50 PM

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