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Personality tied to social situations
Harry Sullivan
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proved that people invluenced mostly by relationships with others
Harry Sullivan
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Interpersonal theory of psychiatry
Harry Sullivan; study of what goes on BETWEEN people. not INSIDE (Freud)
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The social self
Harry Sullivan; self is made up of reflected appraisals
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Personality consistently changes as function of relations with others
Harry Sullivan; illusiion of individualit (no fixed personality)
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We become 'different' people in different social situations
Harry Sullivan
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Relationships are primary, no I without Thou
Harry Sullivan
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Harry Sullivan's focus on threats that are
inherently social
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Viewed personality as study of human lives across time
Henry Murray
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Internal needs and motives, environmental press, dynamic system
Henry Murray
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3 of Murray's psychogenic needs
n Ach, n Aff, nPow
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Murray's Thema
TAT test, combinations of needs and environmental presses
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Mischel's critique of personality
correlation of behavior with personality generally .30 or less
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This person questioned importance of emotional personality variable
Walter Mischel
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Believed behaviors seemed to be controlled by SITUATIONS and changed as the situations did
Walter Mischel
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Walter Mischel believed the global personality traits was an __________ theory
oversimplified
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Problem classifying ________ within situations
consistency
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Personal vs social situations
field independence vs field dependence
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items summed to form scales
less error & less specific variance, more general trait variance
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Scales summoned to form composites
less error & less specific variance, more g variance
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Issues with measurements
reliability, appropriateness, averaging helps deal with issues.
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Low self monitors
less sensitive to other's reactions, more consistent behaviors
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High self monitors
more sensitive to social influences, more difficult to test personality effects
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we seek situations that reinforce our
self conception
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Mischel's theory (competencies)
people have ability to behavie differently under appropriate conditions
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Mischel's theory (encoding strategies)
dif learning histories, assessing meaning for stimuli is imp. for social behavior
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Schemas are used to
process and encode info
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Personal constructs
Mischel; traits people use to DESCRIBE THEMSELVES, unique to each individual
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Behavior-Outcome expectancies
what will happen if person behaves a certain way
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Stimulus-outcome expectancies
how events will develop in the world, may motivate to CHANGE our environments
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Self- efficacy expectancies
belief about whether or not one can do said behavior
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Subjective stimulus value
the lvalue of reward
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Plans
self-regulatory systems and plans, internal mechanisms
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Delay gratification
Marshmallow test (mischel)
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Marshmallow test showed importance of
impulse control and delayed gratification for academic, emotional and social success
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the grabbbers in the marshamallow test showed
low self esteem and viewed as stubborn and prone to envy and easily frustrated
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the waiters in the marshmallow test showed
beter coopers, more socialy compotent, self assertive, trustworthy, dependable, more academicaly successfull
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Block and block's long. study
ego control and ego resiliency
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Ego control
degree one has abiloity to delay gratification in service of future goals.
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in ego contro, undercontrollers act
spontaneously
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In ego control, overcontrollers plan for
the long term
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Ego resiliency
ability to moderate one's typical level of control to accomodate new circumstances
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Human termites
longest life cycle study in social science. Lewis Terman
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THe human TERMites were all
intellectually gifted children
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The human TERMites proved to grow up and be
taller, healthier, better developed, better socially adapted.
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Individuals create their own person-situation interactions by interpreting and seeking out situations was said by
caspi
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Each experience has its effects in context of previous experiences
readiness
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Circumplex model
interpersonal circle is model for conceptualizing, organizing, and assessing interpersoanl behavior, traits and motives.
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Interpersonal circumplex defined by two orthogonal axes
vertical axis (dominance power control) and horizontal (solidarity, warmth, love, friendliness)
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