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Hyperplaisia
Noncanerous growth consisting of rapidly dividing cells leading to an increased number of normal cells
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Mild Displasia
- Noncanerous abnormal cell growth characterized by the loss of normal tissue arrangement and cell structure
- Cells may have changes in DNA and/or
- Cells may have structral changes in the nuycleus
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Carcinoma in situ
- in situ (latin for in location or place)
- Unctolled cell grwoth that remains in locatio or place
- (does not invade surrounding tissue)
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Cancer
Unctrolled cell growth and invasion into surrounding tissue
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Feature of Cancer
- Not a single disease
- Over 100 types and subtypes of human cancer
- Indiscriminant
- Leading casue of death worldwide
- affects 2 of every 3 families
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Main types of cancer and overall mortality
- Lung- 1.3 million deaths yearly
- Stomach- ~1 million deaths yearly
- Liver- ~662K deaths yearly
- Colon- ~665K deaths yearly
- Breast- ~502K deaths yearly
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Tumor
- Swelling
- Describes the severity of a person's cancer based on the extent of the orginal (primary) tumor and whether or not cancer has spread in the body
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Why is tumor staging important
- Helps doctor plan the appropriate treatment
- Can be used to estimate a patient’s prognosis
- Important in identifying clinical trials that may be suitable for a particular patient
- Helps health care providers and researchers exchange information about patients
- Provides common terminology for evaluating and comparing the results of similar/dissimilar clinical trials
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•TMN staging system based on
- •Tumor (T) -Extent of the tumor
- •Nodes (N) -Whether cancer cells have spread to nearby (regional) lymph nodes
- •Metastasis (M) - Whether distant (to other parts of body) metastasis has occurred
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What is the tissue of origin (epithelial cells or connective tissues)
- •Tumor (T) -Extent of the tumor
- •Nodes (N) -Whether cancer cells have spread to nearby (regional) lymph nodes
- •Metastasis (M) - Whether distant (to other parts
- of body) metastasis has occurred
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2 types of tissue of orgin
epithelial cells or connective tissues
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Benign tumors are considered
noncancerous, localized to a tissue, and end in oma
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Malignant tumors consist of
rapidly dividing cells, invade normal tissue, metastasize to distant sites, and end in carcinoma or sarcoma
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Epithelial Cells and Benign
- Adenoma
- Papilloma
- Squamous cell papilloma
- Liver Cell Adeonoma
- Renal Tubular ademoa
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Connective Tissue and Benign
- Fibroma
- Lipoma
- Chandroma
- Osteoma
- Hemangioma
- Rhabdomyoma
- Leimyoma
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Epithelial Cells and Malignant
- Adenoscarcoma
- Paillary andenocarcioma
- Squamaous Cell carcinoma
- Hepatocellura Carcinoma
- Renal Cell Carcinoma
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Connective Tissue and Malignant
- Fibrosarcoma
- Liposarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osterscarcoma
- Angiosarcoma
- Rhabdomayosarcoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
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four factors that regulate normal cell growth and repair damaged tissue
- Growth factors
- Growth inhibitors
- Cyclins - Cell Cycle Proteins
- Apoptosis - Programmed cell death, a normal componet of the development and health of mulitcellular organisms
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