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Taxonomy
How we classify living organisms
Phylogeny
Evolutionary history of a group of organisms
Based on rRNA sequence because it mutates at a lower rate than DNA
Three Domains of Life
Bacteria
Archae
Eukaryotes
Bacteria
Mitochondria
Cyanobacteria
Chloroplasts
Gram-Negative
Gram-Positive
Thermotoga
Archae
Extreme halophiles
Methanogens
Hyperthermophiles
Eukaryotes
Animal
Fungi
Plants
Protozoa
Algae
Bionmial Nomenclature
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Way to remember binomial nomenclature
Dumb King Philip Came Over From Germany Stoned
Dichotomous Key
Series of yes/no questions
Cladograms
shows ribosomal rRNA similarities by percentages
Phylogenetic Tree
Morphology
shape and arrangement of organism
includes gram stain
Biochemical Tests
testing for bacterial enzymes to find color change in media
-indicators are put in media for color change
Serology
Antibody-antigen reactions
causes coagulation (presense of antigen)
used for diagnosis in medical fields
Phage Typing
bacteriophage=viruses that infect bacteria
determines which bacteria are on an unknown plate. Whichever virus kills the bacteria is how bacteria is ID'd
Fatty Acid Profiles
ID's bacteria by determining type of fatty acid in plasma membrane
Flow Cytometry
Physical and chemical method
passing liquid suspension of organism through a small hole and laser reflects off it giving info about morphology
DNA Base Composition
G + C
guanine and Cytosine composition in DNA
classifies into high G+C and low G"+C
DNA Fingerprintin
used in foresenics
Match DNA with sample
1)extract DNA
2)PCR to amplify
3) restriction enzymes cut DNA into pieces
4) run DNA on gel that gives individual band pattern
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
amplifcation of DNA
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
uses probe
complementary bases hydrogen bond with each other and prob then ID's unknown organism
DNA Chips
100s-1000s of probes on a glass slide to see if an organism reacts.
Used in military
Ribotyping
same as fingerprinting but with RNA instead of DNA
Fluorescent insitu Hybridization (FISH)
Same as Nucleic acid hybridization but probe is flourscent
Proteobacteria
Gram negative
Alpha Protobacteria
-erlichia
ricketsia
bartonella
brucella
acetobacter
bradyrhizobium
rhizobuim
azospriillium
bierjnickia
wolbachia
agrobacteria
Alpha Proteobacteria Pathogen
Erlichia
ricketsia
bartonella
brucella
Erlichia
Alpha Proteobacteria Pathogen
Ricketsia
Alpha Proteobacteria Pathogen
Bartonella
Alpha Proteobacteria Pathogen
Brucella
Alpha Proteobacteria Pathogen
Acetobacter
Alpha Proteobacteria
Makes vinegar
Bradyrhizobium & Rhizobium
symbiotic nitrogen fixation with legumes
Alpha Proteobacteria
Azospirillium and Bierjnickia
Alpha Proteobacteria
free living nitrogen fixers
Wolbachia
Alpha Proteobacteria
most common insect symbioant
Agrobacteria
Alpha Proteobacteria
plant pathogen
Beta Proteobacteria
Bordella
Neisseira
Thiobacillus
Nitrosomonas
Zoogloea
Beta Proteobacteria Pathogens
Bordella
Neisseira
Bordella
Beta Proteobacteria Pathogen
Neisseira
Beta Proteobacteria Pathogen
Thiobacillus
Beta Proteobacteria
Sulfur oxidizer
Nitrosomonas
Beta Proteobacteria
thrns ammonia to NO2- or NO3-
Zoogloea
Beta Proteobacteria
sewage treatment
Gamma Proteobacteria
Ecoli
Salomonella
Shigella
Vibrio
Legionella
Proteus
Yersinia
Haemophilus
Pasteurella
Coxiella
Pseudomonas
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Klebsiella
Chromatium
Gamma Proteobactgeria Pathogens
Ecoli
Salomonella
Shigella
Vibrio
Legionella
Proteus
Yersinia
Haemophilus
Pasteurella
Coxiella
E coli
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Salomonella
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Shigella
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Vibrio
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Legionella
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Proteus
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Yersinia
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Haemophilus
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Coxiella
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Pasteurella
Gamma Proteobacteria Pathogen
Gamma Proteobacteria Oppurtunitic Pathogens
Pseudomonas
Citrobacter
Enterobacter
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas
Gamma Proteobacteria Oppurtunitic Pathogens
Citrobacter
Gamma Proteobacteria Oppurtunitic Pathogens
Enterobacter
Gamma Proteobacteria Oppurtunitic Pathogens
Klebsiella
Gamma Proteobacteria Oppurtunitic Pathogens
Chromatium
Gamma Proteobacteria
Photosynthetic and anoxygenetic
Delta Proteobacteria
Bdellovibrio
Desulfobivrio
Bdellovibrio
Delta Proteobacteria
Desulfovibrio
Delta Proteobacteria
sulfur reducer
Epsilon Proteobacteria
Helicobacter
Campylobacter
Cyanobacteria
gram postitive
photosynthetic
oxygenic
Chlorobi
gram +
photosynthetic
anoxygenic
Chloroflexi
gram +
photosyntheitc
anoxygenic
Firmicutes
low G+C
gram positive
bacillus
listeria
staphyloccus
streptococcus
clostridium
lactobacillus
Bacillus
Firmicutes
Human Pathogen
Listeria
Firmicutes
Human Pathogen
Staphylococcus
Firmicutes
Human Pathogen
Streptococcus
Firmicutes
Human Pathogen
Clostridium
Firmicutes
Human Pathogen
Lactobacillus
Firmicutes
Importnant in diary fermentation
Actinobacteria
High G+C
Gram positive
Gardenerlla
Mycobacterium (TB)
corynebacterium
streptomyces
frankia
Gardnerella
Actinobacteria
human pathogen
Mycobacterium
Human Pathogen (TB)
Actinobacteria
Corynebacterium
Actinobacteria
human pathogen
Streptomyces
Actinobacteria
produces many antibiotics
Frankia
Actinobacteria
Symbiotic N2 Fixation
Planctomycetes
no cell wall
Chlamydiae
Tiny intracellular himan pathogens
Spirochetes
Borrelia
Leptospira
Treponema
Bacteroidetes
Flora
Fuscobacterium
Flora
Archaea
Crenarchaeota
Euryarcheaota
Crenarchaeota
Gram -
hyperthermophiles
Euryarchaeota
Gram + or variable
halobacterium
methanogens
Algae
Green
Red
Brown
Diatoms
Dinoflagelates
Water Molds
All have cell wall of cellulose
Green Algae
at surface
Brown algae
80m-surface
seaweeds
Red algae
150-250m
Diatoms
Cell wall of silica and pectin
stores oil
Dinoflagelates
some are pathogens
store starch
red tide
Water Molds
no storage
Protozoa Cyst
dormant form
Protozoa trophozoite
active growing form
Definitive host
host in which sexual reproduction happens in protozoa
Intermediate Host
host in which asexual reproduction happens in protozoa
Protozoa
Archaezoa
Microspore
Amoebozoa
Apicomplexia
Ciliophora
Euglenozoa
Archaezoa
Protozoa
Giardia lambia
trichomonas vaginalis
Microspore
Protozoa
Nosema
Amoebzoa
Protozoa
entamoeba histolytica
Apicomplexia
plasmodium
toxoplasm
cyclospora
cryptosporidium
Ciliophora
Protozoa
balantidium coli
Euglenozoa
Protozoa
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Hemliths
Flatworms
Roundworms
Flatworms
No digestive tracts
Trematodes
Cestodes
Trematoes
Schistosoma
Schistosoma
Flatworm (trematodes)
can go through skin into bloodstream
in freshwater
Cestodes
Beef tapeworm
pork tapeworm
dog tapeworm
Taenia saginatus
Cestode
beef tapeworm
Taenia Solium
cestode
pork tapeworm
Echonococcus Granulosis
Cestode
Dog heartworm
Round Worms
Nematodes
Nematodes
pinworm
hookworm
trichinella
ascariasis
Arachnida
8 legs
insects
6 legs
Fugni
molds (filamentous) and y easts (unicellular)
eukaryotic
chemoheterotrophs
great recyclers and breakdown of everything that has died
Fungi good
Recyclers
Cheeses
Soy
Tenderize aged meats
Beer, bread, wine
Fungi bad
food spoilage
Fungi uglyu
human pathogens
candida albicans (UTI)
thrush in oral cavity
Four divisions of fungi
1) Zygomycetes
2)ascomycetes
3)basidiomycetes
4) deuteromycetes
Zygomycetes
Bread and terrestrial molds
Asexual spores
: sporangiospores
Sexual Spores
: zygospores
Ascomycetes
Yeasts and molds
Asexual Spores
: Conidia
Sexual Spores
: Ascospores
Basidomycetes
flesshy fungii, mushrooms, toadstools
Asexual spores
: conidia
Sexual Spores
: Basidospores
Deuteromycetes
Fungii imperfecti
No sexual reproduction
Hyphae
indicidual filaments of a mold
Two types:
Vegetative or nutritional
Sexual
Mycelium
whole mass of hyphae
Author
jhondras
ID
160162
Card Set
Exam 5
Description
Chapters 10-12
Updated
2012-06-28T02:00:12Z
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