an interdisciplinary field dedicated to better understanding and manging people at work
organizational behavior
began in the 1930s and initiated a focus on employees as humans with thoughts and feelings - Hawthorn Studies and lighting levels
The Human Relations Movement
a culture dedicated to training continuous improvement and customer satisfaction
The Quality Movement of Total Quality Managment
managerial and interpersonal processes of employees at work have transformed to include virtual teams, telecommuting, and emphasis on speed in communication
The E-Business Revolution
has come about as organizations have begun to rely on knowledge workers rather than physical labor.
An emphasis on human and social capital
What was the first major OB landmark?
when union management and collective bargaining became legalized in 1935. Companies wanted to manage without interference from unions and had to focus on employee needs and desires.
supportive management and attending to individual needs was responsible for increased performance - validity questioned
Hawthorne Studies.
wrote that motivating performance by considering employees attitudes beliefs, and needs would be more effective than using a dictatorial approach in demanding employees to perform in a certain way
Mary Parker Follett and Elton Mayo
What percentage of the American workforce do NOT utilize their full capabilities on the job
50%
McGregor's theory that employees inherently dislkike work, that they have to be pushed into doing work, and that they prefer to be told what to do rather than think for themselves.
Theory X
McGregor's theory that if managers assume that employees enjoy challenging and mentally stimulating work and that they will be committed to objectives they believe in
Theory Y
4 TQM Principles
1) doing the job right the first time
2) listening to and learning from customers & employees
3) focusing daily on continuous improvement
4) building teamwork, trust and mutual respect
the value of the people within an organization as individuals. Their knowledge, skills, abilities, and motivation to learn and excel when focused toward organizational goals
human capital
the productive potential of having individuals work together toward organizational goals through building relationships, teamwork, cooperation, shared visions, and values. Cisco's nerd lunches
social capital
process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and ethically
management.
T/F effective managers tend to hae high skills mastery
true
T/F derailed managers underestimate their skills mastery
false - they overestimate
T/F Effective female and male managers have significantly different skill sets
False
What makes a resource valuable
rare, inimitable (history, numerous small decisions, socially complex resources)
people hold firmly to some belief because it is consistent with their own experience and observations
method of experience
people hold firmly to some belief because it just stands to reason - it seems obvious or self evident
method of intuition
people hold firmly to some belief because some respected official agency or source has said it is so
method of authority
people accept some belief because scientific studies have tended to replicate that result using a series of samples settings and methods
method of science
a collection of assertions, both verbal and symbolic that specify how and why variables are related, as well as the conditions in which they should be related
theory
written predictions that specify relationships between variables
hypotheses
describes the statistical relationship between two variables
can be positive or negative and range from 0 to +/- 1
correlation (r)
establishing that one variable really does cause another
causal inferences
causal inferences require (3)
1) two variables are correlated
2) presumed cause preceds the presumed effect in time
3) no alternative explanation exists for the correlation
takes all of the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average
meta analysis
a perspective that argues that scientific findings should form the foundation for management education, much as they do for medical education
evidence based management
The corporate social responsibility pyramid advises organizations to (4)
1) make a profit consistent with international business
2) obey the law of the host countries
3) be ethical in its practices
4) be a good corporate citizen
dignity of human life, autonomy, honesty, loyalty, fairness, humaneness, the common good
general moral principles
How to improve on the job ethics (3)
behave ethically yourself
screen potential employees
develop a meaningful code of ethics
How do we learn about OB?
Theory, Research, Practice or Contingency Approach
A source of OB research - manipulation and measurement of variables in contrived situations
labroatory study
A source of OB research - examination of variables in real life settings
field study
A source of OB research - questionnaire responses from a sample of people
samples survey
A source of OB research -in depth analysis of single individual group or organization
case studies
A source of OB research - pools the results of many studies through statistical procedure
meta analysis
Information from which study is least likely to be generalizable to ther settings
case studies
the concept the individual has of himself or herserlf
self concept
a belief about one's own worth based on an overall self evaluation
self esteem
a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task
self efficacy
the extent to which a person observes his or her own self expressive behavior and adapts it to the situation
self monitoring
a psychological process whereby one comes to integrate beliefs about one's organization into one's identity, which should result in employees with higher levels of organizational identification being more loyal, committed, and harder working
organizational identification
what we are able to accomplish
abilities
the human reactions to achievements and setbacks, will be covered in terms of emotional intelligence
Which two of the big five personality traits were ofund to be the most stable
extraversion & conscientiousness
action oriented person who shows initiative and perserveres to change things- common trait of entrepreneurs - demonstrates resiliency
proactive personality
the ability to handle pressure and quickly bounce back from personal and career set backs
resiliency
ones life outcomes attributed to environmental factors such as luck or fate
external locus of control
belief that one controls key events and consequences in one's life
internal locus of control
Which of the following traits would predict motivation at work?
A.
successful performance depends on the right combination of
effort, ability, and skill
the capacity to perform, represents a broad and stable characteristic responsible for a person's maximum performance on mental and physical tasks
ability
the specific capacity to physically manipulate objects
skill
energy focused on performing a task
effort
Staying awake 24 hours impairs cognitive psychomotor performance to the same degree as having a __% blood alchocol level
.1
the capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving
intelligence
Charles spearman's two ways to categorize cognitive abilities
general mental ability and specific mental ability
ability to manage oneself and interact with others in a constructive way
emotional intelligence
T/F emotions are contagious
True
T/F masking one's true feelings may cause long term psychological and physical problems
True
T/F women's felt emotions are no different than men's
True
This phrase is an example of what: I'm good at math
self efficacy
This phrase is an example of what: I'm a dependable responsible person
Conscientiousness
This phrase is an example of what: I know when to speak up and when not to during work meetings
High self monitor
This phrase is an example of what: I effectively keep my emotions under control
Emotional intelligence
This phrase is an example of what: I am a person of worth
High self esteem
This phrase is an example of what: I believe I am the cause of the good or bad things that happen to me
Internal locus of control
striving for success by developing one's self efficacy, optimism, hope, and resiliency
psychological capital
a demanding, repetitive, and assisted program to improve one's performance
deliberate practice
4 things to pave the road to success
1. psychological capital
2.deliberate practice
3. luck
4. humility
Learning Style: like to ask why and to study problems from different angles
diverging style
Learning Style:prefer to have a plan and systematically experiment - good at interpreting immediate circumstances - good interpersonal skills and adept at influencing others
accommodating style
Learning Style:prefer theoretical models and inductive reasoning - enjoy the serach to new knowledge
assimilating style
Learning Style:like to ask how - prefer to focus on specific practical problems
