-
Middle Childhood is between age ___ to ___.
7 - 11
-
___ and ___ factors safeguard children, making middle childhood a "healthy time"
genetic / environmental
-
Most fatal diseases and accidents occur before age ___
7
-
During middle childhood, the growth rate ___ ___
slows down
-
School age children can master almost any motor skill due to the fact that their ___ become stronger
muscles
-
Children run faster and exercise longer without breathing more heavily due to the fact that their ___ ___ expands.
Lung Capacity
-
Benefits of sports
overall health
less obesity
cooperation
problem-solving
respect
-
Possible downside of sports
loss of self-esteem
injuries
reinforcement of prejudices
stress
time away from academic skills
-
Most children enjoy ___ sports
organized
-
Culture and family influence play in ___ and ___ ___
leagues and athletic clubs
-
about ___% of children have special health needs
13
-
A BMI of ___ to ___ is an overwieght adult
25 - 29
-
A child being above the ___th percentile on BMI is considered overwieght
85
-
An adult having a BMI over ___ is considered obese.
30
-
In childhood, ___ year olds have the lowest BMI
6
-
Children who are above the ___th percentile on BMI are considered obese
95
-
Overweight children are at risk for Type ___ Diabetes
II
-
Genetic predisposition can also be a factor in childhood obesity: ___ ___
set point
-
overweight children are more likely to start ___ earlier than peers
puberty
-
Starling puberty earlier than peers has been linked with
teen pregnancy
drug abuse
family conflict
-
chronic inflamation of the airways
asthma
-
Between ___% and ___% of school-age children in North America are affected by Asthma
(3x as common as 20 yrs ago)
10 - 20
-
Possible causes of asthma
exposure to allergens
hygiene hypothesis
-
Advances in Brain Functioning for middle childhood
Reduction in reaction time
Automatization
-
time it takes to respond to stimulus physically or cognitively
reaction time
-
ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others
selective attention
-
process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts and actions make the sequence routine ... no longer requires concious thought
automatization
-
potential to master particular skills or body of knowledge
aptitude
-
tests designed to measure intellectual aptitude
IQ
-
tests that measure proficiency in Math, Reading, Writing, Science, etc
Achievement Test
-
___ age/___ age x 100 = IQ
mental / chronological
-
Rise in average IQ scores over the decades - called the ___ ___
Flynn Effect
-
The standard deviation from the average IQ score is ___
15
-
IQ test designed for school children
Vocabulary, general knowledge, memory, and comprehension
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
-
Percentages of an IQ test are ___%, ___%, and ___% above or below the average
34%
14%
2%
-
No test can measure potential without also measuring ___
achievement
-
Sternberg describes 3 types of intelligence
academic
creative
practical
-
intelligence measured by IQ and achievement tests
Academic Intelligence
-
intelligence measured by imaginative endeavors
creative intelligence
-
intelligence measured by what's seen in everyday problem solving
Practical Intelligence
-
ability to regulate one's emotions and perceptive understanding of other people's feelings
emotional intelligence
-
The most influential of all multiple-intelligence theories is ____'s
Gardner's
-
Often 1st problems to be noticed in children with special needs (3)
slowness
impulsiveness
clumsiness
-
uses insights into typical development to understand and treat developmental disorders
Developmental Psychopathology
-
In developmental psychopathology, ___ is normal and diagnosis depends on ___ ___
abnormality / social context
-
presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time
Co-morbidity
-
Ritalin increases ___ but does NOT decrease ___
concentration / hyperactivity
-
marked delay in a particular area of learning that is NOT caused by:
physical disability
mental retardation
unusually stressful environment
Learning Disability
-
Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment
Dyslexia
-
It's ADD/ADHD only if:
Development of symptoms started BEFORE age ___; and if Symptoms are apparent in 2 or more ___
7/ Environments
-
Developmental disorder marked by inability to relate to other people normally
extreme self-absorption
inability to acquire normal speech
Autism
-
any of several disorders characterized by inadequate social skills and abnormal play
Autistic Spectrum Disorder
-
specific type of autistic spectrum disorder:
"high-functioning"
unusually intelligent in specific areas
impaired social interaction
Asperger Syndrome
-
Treatment of Autism
Early Intervention
On-on-One Behavioral Training
Encouraging social connections
-
Treatment of Autism
One-on-One Behavioral Training
teaching social play strategies and language skills
-
Treatment of Autism
Encouraging social connections
i.e. rewards for eye contact, interacting
-
Legal document that specifies a series of educational goals and services required
Individual Education Plan (IEP)
-
Children with special needs should be placed in the ___ ___ ___
Least Restrictive Environment
-
a room in which trained teachers help children with special needs
resource room
-
an approach to educating children with special needs in wich they are included in regular classrooms, with appropriate aids and services
Inclusion
-
It is autism if delays or abnormal functioning of social interaction, language (in social communication), or symbolic/imaginitive play existed BEFORE age___
3
-
Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions
Concrete Operational Thought
-
Preschool rehearsal needed less with development of ___ ___ ___
school age logic
-
certain characteristics of an object remain the same even if other characteristics change
Identity
-
Vygotsky:
educators should consider thought process and ___ of acquired knowledge of the child
Application
-
meaningless acquisition curriculum - Vygotsky
rote memorization
-
Vygotsky:
regarded instruction by others as ___
crucial
-
Vygotsky:
People and peers provide a bridge between the child's ___ ___ and the necessary ___ and ___
developmental potential / skill/ knowledge
-
cognition as the functioning of a computer
Information-Processing-Theory
-
detection of stimulus by any of the 5 sesnses
Sensory Register
-
component of the information processing system in which limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely
Long Term Memory
-
component of the information processing system in which current concious mental activity occurs
Working Memory
-
Speed of thinking increases throughout the ___ ___ decades of life
1st 2
-
ability to perform mental/behavioral processes with little thought (i.e. tying a shoe)
Automatization
-
a body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area
Knowledge base
-
mechanisms that combine:
selective attention, metacognition, emotional regulation
control processes
-
By age ___ children have already mastered most of the basic vocabulary and grammar of their 1st language
6
-
school age children can learn up to ___ new words a day
20
-
language used:
- extensive vocabulary
- complex sytax
- lengthy sentences
Formal Code
-
language used:
- fewer words, simpler syntax
- gestures and intonation convey meaning
- vital for social acceptance
Informal Code
-
By age ___ children learn to understand the nuances of language (tone, sarcasm, puns)
10
-
2001 U.S. law intended to increase accountability in education
Controversy: National Standards vs. Local Control
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
-
Nation's Report Card
ongoing measure of children's achievement in reading and math
National Assessment of Educational Progress
-
planned 5 yr cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability of 4th graders
Inaugurated in 2001
Progress in International Reading Literacy Studies (PIRLS)
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