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Lower esophageal Sphincter
Between the esophagus and the stomach
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Pyloric Sphincter
Between the stomach and the Small intestine
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Gastric Juices in the stomach
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Parts of the Small Intestine
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Function of Small intestine
- Digestion of Proteins and carbs
- Absorption of digested Food water and minerals
- Produces enzymes Maltase sucrase lactase & peptidase
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Parts of the Large Intestine
- Ileocecal Valve
- Cecum
- Appendix (Veriform)
- Ascending Colon (Right side of abdomen)
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon (Left side of abdomen)
- Sigmoid Colon
- Rectum
- Anal Canal
- Anus
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Function of the Large Intestin
- Stores undigested food
- Forms Stool
- Where bacteria produce vitamin K and B-complex
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Salivary Glands
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
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Salivary Amylase
Begins digestion of starch.
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Functions of the liver
- Manufactures Bile
- Stores Glycogen
- Modifies Fat
- Stores Vitamins and Iron
- Forms Blood Plasma
- Destroys old RBC's
- Synthesis Urea
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Functions of the Pancreas
- produces enzymes- that digest fats proteins and carbs
- produces hormones - insulin and glucagon
- releases sodium bicarbonate (neutralizes chyme in small intestines
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Gastric Juices contain
- Digest protein
- Parietal cells : secrete HCL which activates pepsinogen into PEPSIN
- �Pepsin
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Chief cells :
- secrete inactive PEPSINOGEN
- �?Chief Enzyme p.178 (Pepsin-converts protein to proteoses and peptones)
- �
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Intrinsic factor
Glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa - allows absorption of vitamin B12
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Pancreatic Juices Contain
- Lipase - digests Fat
- Amylase - digests Starch
- Protease (Trypsin) - digests Protein
- Nucleas - digests nucleic acid
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Pernicious anemia,
an autoimmune disease, autoantibodies directed against intrinsic factor or parietal cells themselves lead to an intrinsic factor deficiency, malabsorption of vitamin B12,
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Bariatric surgery
a known risk factor in the development of pernicious anemia. Other risk factors contributing to this condition are stomach tumors, gastric ulcers, and excessive consumption of alcohol.
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Bariatric surgery
(weight-loss surgery) includes a variety of procedures performed on people who are obese. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the size of the stomach, through removal of a portion of the stomach (sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch) or by resecting and re-routing the small intestines to a small stomach pouch (gastric bypass surgery).
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