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Respiratory System
-Main Function
Ensure proper cellular function
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Respiratory Pump
-Function
-Where
- -Inspiration and expiration
- -In thoracic cavity
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Inspiration
-2 types
-Muscles used
- Process of actively contracting inspiratory muscles to move air into body
- -Quiet breathing at normal rest
- Diaphragm, External intercostals
- -Heavy, deep, forced breathing
- Add Scalenes, Sternocleidomastoid, Pectoralis minor
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Expiration
-Muscles used
- Process of actively or passively relaxing inspiratory muscles to move air out of body
- -Internal intercostals
- -Abdominals
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Pressure relationship inside and outside
When Intrapulmonary pressure goes below Atmospheric pressure, air draws into lungs
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Conduction Passageways
-What
-Function
- All structures before respiratory passageways
- -Nasal, oral, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles
- -Purify, humidify, and warm or cool
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Respiratory Passageways
Bronchi, bronchioles, Alveoli, Alveolar sacs
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Alveoli sacs
Where O2 and CO2 and transported in and out of blood through diffusion
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VO2
- Oxygen consumption
- -At rest 3.5 ml of oxygen per kilogram of bodyweight per minute (1 MET)
VO2= cardiac output (hrxsv) - a- v O2 (difference in O2 content between blood in arteries and blood in veins)
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VO2 Max
Highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximum physical exertion (11-23 METS)
Maximal testing not always practical for most clients so estimate using other methods every couple weeks or months.
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Aerobic activity
Bodily function prolonged for 30 seconds or more. Requires oxygen.
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Anaerobic activity
Activities lasting less than 30 seconds. Doesn't require oxygen.
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Bioenergetics
- The study of energy in the human body.
- -How chemical energy (food) is converted into mechanical energy (work)
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Energy Yielding
During bioenergetics when chemical bonds are broken---energy is released to produce work (muscle contractions) -
Also called an Energy Utilizing Reaction
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ATP
-Function
-Makeup
- Cellular structure that collects energy and stores it.
- -Delivers it to usage site
- -Adenine (a nitrogen based compound)
- -Ribose (a five carbon sugar)
- -3 Phosphates
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3 Bioenergetic Pathways for ATP production
- Anaerobic: 1 ATP-CP pathway and 2 Glycolysis pathway
- Aerobic: 3 Oxidative pathway
All three together= Bioenergetic Continuum
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ATP-CP Pathway (Phosphagen system)
-Function
-For what
- -Provides energy for high intensity, short duration activity. (power and strength)
- -Produces energy more rapidly than other two systems
- -Enzyme Myosin ATPase causes break off of one of phosphates of ATP= ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This creates energy
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